| Small exurban protected areas face many threats due to their size and near-urban locations. To remain ecologically viable they require an ecosystem-based approach to management, including practicable connections to the surrounding physical and social landscapes. Physically they require buffers and habitat connectivity, and socially the staff must work proactively with stakeholders. Current stakeholder interactions at small protected areas are reported to be inadequate and the purpose of this thesis was to find alternatives. Use of dialogic stakeholder theory, a critical constructionist communication theory that focuses on other rather than self, was explored through interviews and focus groups with small protected area professionals from across North America. The results were synthesized into two practical frameworks to guide small protected area management. The frameworks include ecosystem-based management principles, recognition of the key role Control plays in all interactions, and Genuine Dialogue, Information, Consent, Voice, Forums, Conflict, Negotiation, Collaboration and Participation. |
