| This thesis argues that early nineteenth-century vampire literature rejected the Enlightenment’s attempts to rationalize and explain away the early eighteenth-century vampire craze. Enlightenment scholars of the eighteenth century rationalized famous vampire accounts to dispel supernatural beliefs in the Age of Reason. Through an examination of the tales of John Polidori, Lord Byron, E.T.A. Hoffmann, Johann Ludwig Tieck, Théophile Gautier, and Aleksei Tolstoy this research reveals that they used the central themes of early eighteenth-century vampire accounts in conjunction with Enlightenment vampire metaphors to reject Enlightenment rationalism. Furthermore, the vampire was contemporized in the nineteenth century as an aristocratic evil, providing an escape for readers from their current reality by returning to the realm of the supernatural. This thesis follows the reader response approach focusing on early eighteenth-century vampire accounts, Enlightenment scholarship that rationalized supernatural beliefs, and the contents and consumption of early nineteenth-century vampire tales. |
