| We have employed a type 2 diabetic mouse model (MKR) and wild-type (WT) mouse model to determine the effects of a ketogenic diet on tumor progression. We used two models of breast cancer, both of which are murine mammary carcinomas. The Met-1 cell line shows high Akt pathway activation and high proliferation. The Mvt-1 cell line is vegf and c-myc overexpressing. Furthermore, they are highly proliferative and metastatic. Following the in-vivo study, gene expression of tumors was studied, lungs examined for pulmonary metastasis, and hormone levels were determined. We found that the ketogenic diet significantly inhibited tumor progression and trended towards a decrease in pulmonary metastasis of Mvt-1 tumors and insulin levels in MKR mice. Furthermore, this corresponded with an induction of Beta-oxidation, as seen through the induction of Cpt1a expression, and a reduction in the Warburg Effect phenotype, as seen through the reduction of Hif1a expression. |
