Nanosilver: Should the precautionary principle form the basis for regulatory policy

Biotechnology companies and manufacturing leaders producing consumer and medical products are using engineered nanosilver so prolifically and at such a fast rate that scientists and regulatory agencies have not been able to appropriately assess their safety. Of the nano materials currently in use, silver is used in the most products. Nanosilver has much higher reactivity than ionic or metallic silver. Its nano form enables it to pass through cell membranes to reach tissues and the organs at a faster rate and more completely. It may cause chromosomal aberration and DNA damage. Its widespread use can lead to development of microbes that exhibit various forms of antimicrobial resistance. Nanosilver is persistent in the environment and toxic to some aquatic species and can bioaccumulate in some species. It affects plant growth and biological treatment of wastewater by inhibiting nitrification. The thesis evaluated potential human health and environmental risks associated with expanded use of nanosilver based on review of current scientific data obtained through the literature and by conducting interviews of nanosilver researchers and other experts. This thesis also assessed current initiatives for nanosilver oversight and regulations in the US and internationally. This thesis identified research and policy needs and recommended initiatives and oversight that would provide a precautionary approach for nanosilver use.