| The impact of drinking water treatment on pharmaceutical removal was evaluated for caffeine, estradiol, salicylic acid and trovafloxacin mesylate using pilot (23--26 L/min) and bench (0.03 L/min) scale systems. The compounds were selected based on charge and expected removals. Pilot and bench systems were compared to determine the influence of scale. Influent concentrations ranged from 100 to 500 mug/L based on detection limits. Influent and effluent samples were analyzed to determine removals. Conventional treatment (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) removed 100% of the estradiol and trovafloxacin mesylate, 17% of the caffeine, and none of the salicylic acid in the pilot plant. Ozonation, as an isolated treatment, removed 63%, 12%, 99%,and 7% of the same compounds. Similar results were observed at the bench scale with removals of 100%, 100%, 18%, 10% using conventional treatment and 100%, 33%, 31%,and 11% using ozonation for estradiol, trovafloxacin mesylate, caffeine, and salicylic acid, respectively. |
