Conservation of endangered Atlantic salmon in Maine

This thesis applies mathematical models to the conservation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), using Endangered populations in Maine as a case study. Matrix population models help identify the causes of declines and the potential of recovery strategies. Maine populations have declined by approximately 90% since 1970, but are projected to have grown by 60% in the absence of fisheries, and by 500% in the absence of a "regime shift" in marine survival. Evaluation of recovery strategies for their potential to increase population growth rate (lambda) suggests: (1) elimination of remaining fisheries would have little effect (Deltalambda = +1.5%); (2) historical hatchery fry-stocking exacerbated declines (Deltalambda = -30%); (3) current hatcheries are unlikely to elicit recovery (Deltalambda < +3.8%); (4) hatchery smolt releases may have more positive demographic effects (Deltalambda > +18%); and (5) freshwater habitat improvement may provide the greatest opportunity to recover this endangered species (Deltalambda > +33%).