Types of market offers enabled by open source hardware

Data from 65 market offers of 27 companies was used to: i) classify market offers enabled by open source hardware into nine types; ii) identify the customer value propositions, profit formula elements, key resources, and key processes for each type of market offer; iii) compare market offers enabled by open source software and hardware; iv) compare market offers enabled by open source intellectual property cores (IP Cores) and printed circuit boards (PCBs); and v) provide an open source model that can be applied to both open source hardware and software. The results of this research suggest that: i) open source hardware market offers rely on highly-restrictive licenses, and are enabled by only two types of assets -- IP cores and PCBs; ii) two open source software market offer types were not found in the case of open source hardware - subscription services and testing; iii) the reason for the differences between open source hardware and open source software market offers is the tangible (physical) nature of hardware products; iv) the reasons for the differences between open source IP core market offers, and open source PCB market offers are related with differences in their manufacturing processes: This research contributes towards the development of a more general open source business framework that can be applied across different domains (e.g., software, hardware, content).