Study On The Reform Goal And The Tax Rate Design Of The Real Estate Tax In China

Over the past three decades,Chinese land system,housing system,and real estate market have undergone tremendous changes.The establishment of the land property rights system and the housing monetization system with the state-owned land paid as the core has promoted the rapid development of the real estate market,and the development of the real estate industry has become a leading industry in Chinese national economy.The rapid development of the real estate industry has improved the living conditions of residents,but at the same time it has also caused problems such as excessive rises in house prices,a widening gap between the rich and the poor,excessive speculation in the real estate market,and waste of more resources in vacant housing.At the same time,after the “Replace the Business Tax with VAT ",the lack of main tax types in local tax system urgently requires the reconstruction of the local tax system.The current real estate tax system in China was formed in the mid-to-late 1980 s.It was set based on the historical environment at that time and obviously did not meet the requirements of the market economy.The specific manifestations are: tax exemption for individual housing ownership,and the lack of tax regulation.From foreign practical experience,real estate tax can provide local governments with a major source of income,and at the same time it has a certain effect on regulating the real estate market,curbing excessive house price rises,regulating income distribution,and improving the construction of the local tax system.Therefore,real estate tax reform is imminent.In the study of the real estate tax reform goals and tax rate design issues,this article thinks that although the real estate tax attribute determines that it has multiple functions,it is unrealistic to rely on one tax type to achieve multiple functions at the same time,and in order to achieve each function,the requirement of the tax system design is different.Therefore,the premise of real estate tax reform is to find the target position of the reform,then design the corresponding tax rate according to the target position.The research content of this article is divided into four chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,which introduces the background of the research and significance,sorts out relevant research literature at home and abroad,and introduces the writing content and method of this article.The second chapter analyzes the relevant theories of real estate tax and real estate tax rate design.The main contents include the definition of core concepts,real estate tax taxation goals and the theoretical basis of tax rate design.The third chapter first reviews the evolution of Chinese current real estate tax system and finds that Chinese real estate tax system is based on the special background of Chinese current real estate tax system established on the free use of state-owned land and the nationalization of employee housing.The design and other aspects are very limited,and it is difficult to reform only by canceling the tax exemption regulations.Then the paper analyzes the Shanghai and Chongqing real estate tax pilot schemes.Although the tax calculation basis,tax rate,exempted area and other aspects all include a trend toward closer to the standard "real estate tax",the reform effect is not good,mainly due to the initial goals Caused by unclear positioning.Therefore,the real estate tax reform must first define the target positioning;finally,the current mainstream reform target is analyzed empirically based on China's national conditions.I believe that real estate tax is a long-term mechanism construction and the complexity of Chinese existing housing market.The goal of pragmatic reform should be to raise fiscal revenue for local governments and cultivate it as the main tax of local taxes.The fourth chapter first aims at the reform goals,based on Chinese national conditions and drawing on international experience,and puts forward a basic idea for the design of real estate tax rates,and then uses the data of various prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province in 2017 to calculate and analyze the proposed basic idea of tax rate designs and the reform goals.There is a large difference in the level of tax rates between different levels,and the province's unified tax rate does not meet the current national conditions;the real estate tax revenue varies widely between different levels of cities,and their contribution varies,depending on the degree of real estate market and industrial and commercial development.Real estate tax can become an important type of local tax.At present,there is a certain gap between the main tax types of local taxes.The innovation of this paper lies in: First,in the study of the existing problems in the real estate tax system,the land system and housing system at the beginning of the social background into the analysis,combined with the national conditions and facts analysis,to avoid the one-sided study.Second,in the research and analysis,this paper locates the real estate tax as the local government tax at the grass-roots level,and takes each prefecture-level city as the measurement object,which makes a difference in the distribution of tax rate level in a province,and has certain reference significance for the allocation of tax rate decision-making power.The deficiencies of this paper are as follows: Firstly,due to the difficulty in obtaining data of various types of real estate,this paper defines the tax collection scope of real estate tax as the housing owned by urban residents according to the current reform direction.From the perspective of long-term system construction,all types of housing should be included in the tax collection scope.Second,it is difficult to obtain micro-data of urban residential housing,which has a certain impact on the calculation results of this paper.Third,the tax rate obtained in this article is the difference in tax rates for each prefecture-level city.Whether the tax rate difference design will cause tax competition needs further study.Fourth,the size of the tax rate interval and how to choose it need further study.