Study On Land Use Behavior And Influencing Factors Of Peasants In Poor Mountainous Areas

Due to the complex topography,fragile ecological environment,the farming conditions of peasants are terrible in poor mountainous areas.However,limited by local economic development and the ability of peasants,planting is still one of the main livelihood ways of peasants in poor mountainous areas.At the same time,under the background of increasing opportunity cost and marginal cultivated land,peasants will reallocate their own land,capital,labor and other resources to maximize their family income in poor mountainous areas.Therefore studying the characteristics and influencing factors of peasants' land use behavior has certain reference significance for administration to formulate reasonable agricultural policies to guide peasants' land use behavior in the new era.The research takes Chengkou County,a poverty-stricken county located in Daba mountain area of Northeast Chongqing as an example.In the first,the research analysis the changes of rural employees,rural planting situation and rural land investment in Chengkou County over the past 10 years.Second,dividing the land use behavior of peasants into 3 aspects,analysis the peasants' land planting willingness,peasants' planting choice behavior and peasants' land investment behavior in 4 specific research areas of Chengkou County synthetically;and the datas of peasants' land use behavior are obtained from our investigation by participatory rural appraisal of Chengkou County,there are 497 farmers accept our investigation.Third,according to the different land use behavior of peasants,establishes the corresponding index system and regression model of influencing factors,then analyzes the main influencing factors of peasants' land use behavior in the region.At last,put forward policy advices according to the conclusions.So that to guide the land use behavior of peasants reasonably.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The analysis of peasants' land use behavior in Chengkou County over the past 10 years shows that:(1)the number of rural employees is in a decreasing trend in Chengkou county as a whole,which is different from the continuous decreasing in Chongqing.After 2013,the number of rural employees increased slightly in Chengkou,mainly due to the comprehensive implementation of the targeted poverty alleviation policy.(2)The sown area of grain crops and the sown area of crops in Chengkou county are on the rise as a whole,among which the planting of grain crops is the main choice of peasants,because its' sown area has been on the growth trend,while the sown area of crops in 2014-2015 is greatly reduced due to the impact of the policy to returning farmland to forest.(3)On the whole,the land input behavior of peasants in Chengkou county has little difference,and the change is small.(2)The analysis of peasants' land use behavior in Chengkou county shows that:(1)In terms of peasants' planting willingness: farming abandoned peasants' account for 25.15% of the total number of the survey,and the proportion of peasants with land transfer in and out behavior is less than 15%.So,under the condition that the comparative income of land declines in poverty-stricken mountainous areas,land abandonment is the main way for peasants to deal with cultivated land.The proportion of poor peasants with abandonment behavior is higher than that of non poor peasants,the proportion of poor peasants with land transfer in and out behavior is lower than that of non poor peasants,and the ability of poor peasants to deal with abandoned land is lower than that of non poor peasants.The closer to the central county area,the more poor peasants have abandoned.(2)In terms of peasants' planting choice behavior: the most peasants only grow food crops,accounting for 56.54% of the total number of the survey;the least peasants only grow cash crops,accounting for 8.05% of the total number of the survey.Traditional food crops are still the first choice for peasants to plant.There is no significant difference between poor peasants and non poor peasants in their planting choice behavior.The closer to the county seat,the larger the grain planting area and the single planting structure.(3)In the aspect of peasants' land investment behavior: A.the average land investment time of the interviewed peasants is 422.1 days / Ha;the average land investment time of the interviewed poor peasants is higher than that of the interviewed non poor peasants.The average input time of the surveyed poor peasants increased from the central region to the eastern and western regions,and the longer the average input time of the surveyed poor peasants in the region far from the county seat.B.The peasants with agricultural machinery accounted for 19.32% of the total,and the peasants using pesticides accounted for 21.93%.The labor investment of poor peasants is lower than that of non poor peasants.C.The average input of increasing production of the surveyed peasants is 6022.8 yuan / Ha,and that of the poor peasants is higher than that of the non poor ones.(3)The analysis of the influencing factors of peasants' land use behavior shows that:(1)in terms of peasants' willingness to plant: the commercialization rate of agricultural products is a universal factor affecting peasants' willingness to plant in the study area.For poor mountainous areas,developing characteristic agriculture and improving the commercialization rate of peasants' agricultural products can effectively improve peasants' willingness to plant land.The dependence of poor peasants on agriculture is higher than that of non poor peasants,and the ability to dispose of cultivated land is lower than that of non poor peasants.The age of the head of household,family income and the proportion of family farming labor force are the main factors affecting the planting willingness of the poor peasants interviewed.The dependence of non poor peasants on agriculture is low.Factors such as farming radius and surrounding farming opportunities,which represent the family cultivated land and family management of peasants,have a significant impact on their planting willingness.The larger the farming radius is,the more surrounding farming opportunities are,and the higher the non poor peasants' ability to abandon.In addition,the characteristics of farmers affect the planting willingness of poor peasants in the northeast mountainous area,the characteristics of peasants' families and the situation of family cultivated land affect the planting willingness of poor peasants in the southwest Southwest mesa area and the South central valley area,and the situation of family management has a significant impact on the planting willingness of poor farmers in the North central valley area;while the situation of family cultivated land is a general factor affecting the planting willingness of non poor peasants in the four study areas.(2)In the aspect of peasants' planting choice behavior: the type of heads of peasants and the commercialization rate of peasants' agricultural products are the universal factors that affect the willingness of the interviewed peasants to plant land;it shows that the more inclined the peasants are to work,the higher the commercialization rate of agricultural products is,the more likely the farmers are to plant cash crops,and the part-time behavior of peasants drives them to plant provincial cash crops.The age of the head of peasants and the total area of the family cultivated land are the main factors affecting the poor peasants interviewed.The older the head of peasants is,the lower the labor capacity is,the larger the total area of the family cultivated land is,the more the land capital is,and the more inclined to plant the provincial economic crops.Family support burden and the number of plots are the main factors that affect the non-poverty peasants interviewed;the increase of family support burden of non-poverty peasants increases the possibility that they are limited to develop agricultural production in rural areas,and the more fields there are,the more likely it is to reduce the time of agricultural operation by planting labor-saving economic crops.In addition,the family characteristics,family cultivated land and family operation have an impact on the planting choice behavior of the poor peasants in the Northeast mountainous area.The family characteristics and family cultivated land have a greater impact on the planting choice behavior of the poor peasants in the North central valley area.The family characteristics have a greater impact on the planting choice behavior of the poor peasants in the central area.The family characteristics of the peasants have a greater impact on the planting choice behavior of the poor peasants in the East.The planting behavior of non poor peasants in the Northeast mountainous area has a greater impact,and the situation of family cultivated land has a greater impact on the planting behavior of non poor peasants in the North central valley area and the Southwest mesa area.(3)In terms of peasants' land input behavior: the proportion of family farming labor force,the number of plots and the total area of family cultivated land are the universal factors that affect the land input behavior of the surveyed peasants.The higher the proportion of family farming labor force is,the stronger the dependence of farmers on agriculture is,the more the investment of farmers on land is;the larger the family cultivated land area is,the larger the base of agricultural production development is.The lower the investment in land is,the more the number of plots is,the higher the degree of land decentralization is,the more agricultural capital is needed for agricultural production,and the more the farmers invest in land.The type of crop planting is the main factor affecting the poor peasants.The more poor peasants tend to plant cash crops,the more likely they are to obtain expected benefits through agricultural production,the more land investment.Family support burden,distance from peasants to the nearest market,commercialization rate of agricultural products and farming radius are the main factors affecting the non poor peasants interviewed.In addition,the land input behavior of poor peasants in the four study areas is affected by the characteristics of their families,the situation of their family cultivated land and their family management,while the situation of their family cultivated land has a greater impact on the land input behavior of non poor farmers in the North central valley area.(4)The government should reconstruct the core industry,rebuild the main body of management,improve the environment of rural development,give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of farmers,activate rural land resources,and improve the efficiency of rural land use from the aspects of implementing peasants' skill training policy,developing characteristic rural industry,developing agricultural management subject,strengthening village collective economic organization,and improving rural infrastructure.