On The Science And Technology Of Marx

As the crystallization of human exploration of unknown things,science and technology had accumulated unprecedented energy in the industrial revolution era after thousands of years of accumulation.It was with this energy that capitalism came to the stage of history.Therefore,Marx's study on Capitalism political Economics cannot be separated from the discussion of Science and Technology and its Application.Marx regards science and technology as a double-edged sword,and its positive influence is the power to promote the progress and development of human society's history.First of all,science and technology itself is a kind of productive force.At the level of laborers,the application of science and technology establishes the division of labor between mental and physical labor,and enables some laborers to participate in production management and research.The machine as a materialized science and technology is an important condition for the liberation of labor.At the level of the instrument of labor,the exploration and application of science and technology has spawned the industrial revolution characterized by large-scale production of machines,thus breaking the technical foundation under the old production mode,improving the efficiency of production and expanding the scale of production.The international division of labor has been established and the process of world integration has been accelerated.At the level of labor subjects,the application of science and technology has expanded the scope of labor objects and improved the processing efficiency and utilization rate of labor objects.Secondly,science and technology are the levers that transform production relations and superstructures.The capitalist society not only ascended the historical stage with the help of gunpowder,compass and printing,and the capitalist production relations experienced transformation from labor is subordinate to capital in form to labor is substantially subordinate to capital.This process also provides a solid foundation of productive force for the arrival of communist society.The negative influence of science and technology is the alienation between science and technology and laborers.From the perspective of alienated labor,the alienation of science and technology and human beings is mainly manifested in three forms: Firstly,the heavy machine labor dominates the laborer and seriously endangers the physical and mental health of the laborer.Secondly,large-scale machine industry has deprived laborers of universal possession of nature and labor materials,thus,the laborers can no longer freely and consciously produce according to the human scale and the law of beauty,thus losing their free personality and consciousness.Thirdly,in the final analysis,the reason for the first two phenomena of alienation is the alienation between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.The capitalists turn science and technology into a power to rule laborers,making them in the form of machines to oppose the flesh-and-blood laborers.Only by continuing to develop science and technology and productive force,and ultimately achieving communism can we eliminate the alienation consequences brought about by science and technology.Marx's scientific and technological thoughts have important implications for the present.Science and technology must be human and serve people.While adhering to scientific and technological innovation,in order to avoid or reduce the social risks that science and technology may bring,it is also necessary to strengthen the construction of science and technology ethics.