Reserch On The Design Of Real Estate Tax System In China

The tax sharing reform in 1994 established the scope of taxation rights of the central government and the local government,and the financial rights and administrative rights of the local government are becoming more and more unbalanced.The fiscal revenue of the local government is insufficient,so the local government can only raise financial funds through land transactions,triggering the "land finance".With the successful implementation of replacing business tax with value-added tax,the business tax,an important source of revenue for local governments,has been replaced by Shared tax and value-added tax,and local governments are increasingly unable to make ends meet.Insufficient local fiscal revenue and unsustainable land finance have caused a series of problems.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the tax sharing reform,reclassify the financial power and administrative power of the central and local governments,and solve the problem of unequal financial power and administrative power of local governments.However,as a local government,its responsibility cannot be greatly reduced,so it can only increase the financial power of local governments.On the one hand,we can adjust the sharing ratio between the central and local governments,and increase the transfer payments of the central government.On the other hand,we should reform the tax system,improve the tax system and establish new main local taxes,among which the real estate tax is the most popular.In order to solve the financial problems of local governments,find new types of main local taxes to support local financial resources,and respond to general secretary xi's proposition that "houses are for living,not for speculation",the legislation and reform of real estate tax are gradually put on the agenda.On January 28,2011,China has taken the lead in carrying out the pilot reform of residential housing and real estate tax in Shanghai and chongqing,but the effect is not ideal.At present,the reform of housing and real estate tax is bound to affect the whole country.It is still difficult to carry out the reform nationwide and needs to be pushed forward steadily.Therefore,in this paper,starting from the basic theory of the property tax,in Shanghai and chongqing property tax pilot reform present situation analysis,points out its existing problems,and at the same time learn from the successful experience of foreign real estate tax reform in developed countries,and explore a suitable for China's development road of the real estate tax reform,andfurther study of the real estate tax reform of local fiscal revenue and the impact of the real estate market.This article consists of the following parts.The first chapter is the introduction,which introduces the background and significance,literature review,content and methods,innovation and shortcomings of the property tax reform in detail.The second chapter introduces the related concepts of real estate tax,including property tax and real estate tax,and puts forward the three functions of the current real estate tax: increasing fiscal revenue,reasonably regulating housing price and adjusting income distribution.At the same time,it introduces the theoretical basis of property tax reform: fiscal decentralization theory,benefit theory and tax bearing capacity theory.The third chapter,based on the Shanghai and chongqing real estate tax pilot,analyzes relevant policies and the reform effect,and finds that there are many problems in the reform,such as a narrow tax base;The tax exemption scope is large and the tax rate is low;Unreasonable tax basis;Collection management system is not perfect and so on.The fourth chapter deeply analyzes the advanced experience of property tax reform in representative countries in North America,Europe and Asia,and puts forward some Suggestions for our country to learn from.Chapter five is the system design of real estate tax reform.The short-term goal is to promote the introduction of the property tax system in the possession sector,and to design the specific tax objects,tax basis,tax rate level,tax preference and other aspects,and calculate the appropriate tax rate level of each province based on the 4% tax burden rate of residents.The long-term goal is to improve the real estate tax system,including simplifying the consolidation of related taxes,optimizing unreasonable taxes and unjustified taxes.Chapter six is the analysis of the effect of real estate tax reform.Based on the above system design,this paper studies the impact of real estate tax reform on local fiscal revenue and real estate market.The conclusion is that there is an obvious positive correlation between the real estate tax revenue and local fiscal revenue after the reform,and the real estate tax reform can bring a stable source of revenue to the local government,which has the potential to become the main type of local tax.The property tax reform will not curb the rise of housing prices,but will increase the rental prices in the housing rental market,stimulating demand and may further drive up housing prices.Chapter seven is the research conclusion and policy Suggestions,and proposes the follow-up supporting measures to improve the reform of real estate tax,including the establishment of a sound real estate tax base evaluation system and propertydeclaration and registration system,the establishment of a sound legal system of real estate tax and collection management system.