Research On The Prevention Of The Business Risks Of Family Farms In Heilongjiang Province

China's Rural Revitalization Strategy and agricultural modernization are moving towards a critical period.As an important part of the new agricultural business entities,family farm is an important supporting force to realize the Rural Revitalization Strategy and promote the Supply-side Structural Reform in Agriculture.Document No.1 of the Central Committee in 2018 clearly points out that the cultivation project for new agricultural business entities will be fully implemented at the critical stage of the development of agricultural modernization,in order to ensure the development of new agricultural business entities with multiple business models,such as family farms,with high quality and efficiency.In 2018,the Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization from 2018 to 2022 issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council,which clearly states that the new agricultural business entities will be strengthened,family farms will be cultivated and developed,various forms of moderate scale business will be developed,and new professional farmers will be cultivated.In 2016,the Central Rural Work Conference stressed that the new agricultural business entities will be cultivated,family farms and other appropriate scale operations will be developed,the business structure will be optimized,and the comprehensive benefits and competitiveness of agriculture will be improved.Obviously,family farm is an important form of modern agricultural micro-business organization,which is an important force to promote the synchronous development of new urbanization and agricultural modernization in our country,to promote land circulation and to build a modern socialist countryside and is currently the focus of theoretical and academic research in our country.And effective research on the business risks of family farms is of long-term significance for improving the business and management level of family farms and ensuring the healthy development of the new agricultural business entities.The abundant agricultural resources in Heilongjiang province have provided a natural geographical advantage and a good environmental foundation for the development of family farms.Under the correct guidance of relevant national and local policies,family farms in Heilongjiang province have shown a good development trend.In 2013,Heilongjiang province launched a comprehensive reform pilot program "Two plains" for modern agriculture in all cities and counties.And all cities and counties responded and began to develop family farms in a targeted manner,actively encouraging qualified and capable farmers to set up family farms.Since 2017,our province has issued a series of guiding documents to promote the Supply-side Structural Reform in Agriculture,carrying out the implementation of "Two Ends and Two Tails" to guide the healthy development of scale business.As one of the important carriers of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy in the new era,its healthy development is an important part of promoting the development of modern agriculture in our province,which can increase farmers' income and realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.Under the new situation of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy and further promoting the Supply-side Structural Reform in Agriculture,it is a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently and deserves in-depth consideration to effectively prevent the business risks of family farms.Based on this,we take family farms in Heilongjiang province as the research object,starting from the actual survey data,using the method of combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to conduct in-depth research on the prevention of business risks of family farms.On the basis of clarifying the concepts and characteristics of family farm and business risk,we expound the institutional change theory,scale economy theory,dual economy theory and risk management theory,and construct a theoretical platform for business risks of family farms.Based on the survey data of 269 family farms in Heilongjiang province,we summarize the current status of producers and operators of family farms,the situation of development and business,and the current situation of business risks,so as to fully understand the situation of production and business and the development trend of family farms in Heilongjiang province.Based on the research results of relevant scholars,we construct an evaluation index system of business risks of family farms from the following six aspects: natural risks,market risks,policy risks,management risks,technology risks and contract risks,and measure the business risks of family farms in Heilongjiang province by using factor analysis method.On the premise of qualitative analysis,we construct a three-dimensional system of influencing factors of business risk of family farms in Heilongjiang province,which includes basic characteristics,external environmental factors and personal characteristics of farmers.And we adopt a seemingly unrelated regression model to make quantitative analysis of influencing factors of business risks of family farms.The research shows that there are six main risks in the production and operation of family farms in Heilongjiang province,which are market risk,natural risk,policy risks,contract risks,management risks and technology risks in order of key degree.In terms of factors affecting business risk of family farms,the basic characteristics have a significant impact on market risks,policy risks and contract risks.And external environmental factors have significant impacts on natural risks,management risks,policy risks and contract risks.And the impact of family farmer's personal characteristics on natural risks,market risks and technology risks is statistically significant.On this basis,we put forward countermeasures and suggestions to prevent the business risks of family farms in Heilongjiang province,establish a long-term early warning and preventive mechanism for disaster,establish a market management mechanism for agricultural products in many aspects,All-round strengthen the policy support and guidance for family farms,improve the internal management level of family farms,promote the scientific and technological level of family farms,and perfect agricultural socialized service system,so as to promote the sound development of the new agricultural business entities such as family farms.