Research On The Stability Of Cooperative R&D Of Supply Chain Enterprises Under Spillovers Effect

With increasingly fierce market competition and increasingly frequent technological iteration,cooperative R&D has become an important way for enterprises to cope with fierce competition.However,due to information asymmetry and incomplete contracts,cooperative R&D faces a high risk of failure.This paper divides the cooperative R&D model into vertical cooperative R&D,horizontal cooperative R&D and hybrid cooperative R&D.Based on the spillover phenomenon that is common in cooperative R&D,the game theory is used to study the stability of cooperation R&D when there is spillover effect,including the optimal strategy choice in the R&D model and the impact of spillover on corporate and supply chain profits under each strategy to reveal the inherent mechanism of cooperative R&D stability issues.Spillovers have multiple classifications.From the spillovers direction,it can be divided into input spillovers and output spillovers.Depending on the spillovers object,the output spillovers include vertical spillovers between the industry and horizontal spillovers within industries.Research on spillovers can be subdivided into only vertical spillovers,only horizontal spillovers,and simultaneous vertical and horizontal spillovers.This paper analyzes the impact of spillovers on the profit of R&D enterprises,supply chain and the stability of cooperative R&D.It first establishes the vertical spillovers to the vertical cooperative R&D stability game model,and the horizontal spillovers to horizontal cooperation R&D.The stability game model explores the impact of vertical spillovers on the stability of vertical cooperative R&D and the impact of horizontal spillovers on the stability of horizontal cooperative R&D.Then,considering the simultaneous existence of horizontal spillovers and vertical spillovers,a model of the impact of hybrid spillovers on hybrid cooperative R&D stability is established.In the process of model analysis,numerical simulation methods are used to verify the validity of the model.Finally,according to different spillover scopes and from the perspective of the enterprise itself,it provides policy recommendations for preventing opportunistic behavior.The research shows that all three cooperative R&D models are unstable.From the perspective of a single enterprise,in the case of vertical cooperative R&D and hybrid cooperative R&D,the strategic choice of upstream enterprises depends on the level of spillovers,and downstream enterprises tend to choose opportunistic behavior,which leads to cooperation failure.In the case of horizontal cooperative R&D,the optimal strategic choices of both parties involved are opportunists,and the cooperative R&D will eventually fail.Starting from the supply chain,the optimal strategies for the three cooperative R&D models is that all companies choose the “cooperator” strategy.In the three cooperative R&D models,when companies choose different strategies,vertical spillovers and horizontal spillovers have different effects on corporate profits.According to the vertical cooperative R&D stability model analysis results,the horizontal cooperative R&D stability model analysis results and the hybrid cooperative R&D stability model analysis results,the vertical spillovers level and the horizontal spillovers level can be divided into two different ranges,and accordingly take measures for opportunistic behavior,to ensure stable operation of cooperative R&D.