Economic Benefit Evaluation Of Direct Seeding Rice In South Of China And The Impact Factors Analysis Of Farmer's Adoption

Rice is an important grain crop in China,its stable and increased yieldhas a very important effect and significance to China's food security.In recent years,rice production is facing new changes.O n the one hand,the number of rural labor left behind is reducing,the aging trend is obvious,the number of people engaged in agricultural production decreases every year,the trend of farmers to get concurrent jobsis obvious.O n the other hand,available land in rural areas increased,capita arable land increased significantly,idle land also increased.However,agricultural labor in rural areas is insufficient,the number of family farm and large-scale professional management farmers is small,and labor costs are getting higher and higher,so some rice farmers adopt simplified rice cultivation methods,such as direct seeding.Whether the production mode of direct seeding can save the cost or even improve the existing economic benefits,whether it can guarantee the output,it becomes the focus of attention of scholars and society.This paper explores the economic benefits of direct seeding rice in south of C hina and the impact factors of farmers' adoption from micro-fields level.Firstly,described the whole situation of the farmers and their contracted land,analyzed the planting patterns adopted by them and the differences about employment patterns and yieldin different planting steps.The absolute changes of the input and output of direct seeding rice,and the relative economic changes of different transplanting wayswere also analyzed and compared.The economic benefits of directseeding rice were compared and analyzed by relative indexes,such as land productivity,labor productivity,material productivity,total cost,income,profit and so on.The impact factors of direct seeding rice were analyzed by constructing econometric model,to put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)There are significant differences in yield under different steps of direct seeding.Tillage methods and their employment patterns,harvest methods and their employment patternsproduce significant impact onper yieldof direct seed.(2)The economic benefits of direct seeding are high,in term of per mu,direct seeding rice is 26.52 yuan higher than throw-planting rice,130.59 yuan higher than transplanting rice.(3)There are many factors that affect farmers to adopt direct seeding,the householder is young,non-village cadres identity and has the spirit of adventure,these farmers tend to use throw-planting/ transplanting way;families with fewer farmers,more women,and higher no n-farm payrolls tend to choose direct seeding rice that acquires less labor-intensity and less labor;about middle-season rice,the rice grows with balancedtemperature and light,which is not susceptible to the cold weather and autumn drought,so the rice farmers tend to grow direct seeding rice.Rice famers tend to use throw-planting/ transplanting wayif local workers or machines are easier to get,because the rice farmers can use labors or machines to substitute their own labors.From the characteristics of the field,the impact factors of rice farmers' selection on the direct seeding/ throw-planting and direct seeding / transplanting are not exactly the same,compared to throw-planting,hilly paddy fields,far away from home and poor irrigation conditions,cold waterlogged paddy field,due to poor land conditions,in order to reduce costs,rice farmers tend to adopt direct seeding which acquires less labor and less laborintensity;and relative to the transplanting way,the impact factors of rice farmers to choose direct seeding are mainly about traffic conditions and irrigation conditions,other factors are not obvious.Based on the above conclusions,this paper argues that it is necessary to further improve and implement the national agricultural policy,raise the purchase price of rice and improve the policy of ricesubsidy.We should also speed up the research on rice direct seeding technology,improve the rice cropping system,so that the direct seeding can become a strong complement to the traditional cultivation of rice;improve the technology of direct seeding rice breeding,to set up various and adaptive breeding goals,to produce high-yield and more targeted and adaptable direct seeding rice breeds.