The "Tread Wheel Effect" In The Development Of Farms In The West And Its Inspiration To China

Farm is the most basic production and management unit in agricultural activities,and plays a vital role in the process of agricultural modernization.Because of this,numerous scholars both at home and abroad are attracted to study of the theory and practice experience of the development of the farm,mainly around one or several farm development indicators such as farm labor productivity,number of farms,number of farms,number of farm workers and farm size,and mainly based on the statistics analysis of the experience.However,the articles,which study evolution of the farm,including the four farm development indicators research object and based on empirical analysis and econometric model,are few.The paper constructs four indicators such as farm labor productivity,number of farms,number of farm workers and farm size.The data of four indicators comes from 30 countries,including Japan,the United States,France and so on.From the macroscopic and microscopic perspectives,the paper studies the law of farm development and its internal mechanism based on the four indicators.From a microscopic perspective,the paper studies the internal structure of the farm,construct theoretical analysis framework,and organize the process of the farm system generation based on development economics and previous research results,and studies the changes of farm type,number of family farms of different scale and operation area with empirical analysis,which lead to the change of the structure of the farm.From the macro perspective,it concludes the evolution trend of the farm and reveals its underlying mechanism named “tread wheel effect” by studying four farm indicators,namely: In the process of competition among farms,farmers want a competitive advantage.They will adopt more advanced agricultural technology and improve management level and other measures to increase farm labor productivity.The increase in farm labor productivity will intensify competition among farms;Less competitive farms are either closed or merged;The farmers who withdrew from farms and further release of surplus farm labors transfer to the second and third industries;The inelastic agricultural land supply gradually converge on the surviving farms with relatively competitive advantages;The scale of the farm operation increases,which create the conditions for further improvement of farm labor productivity;More advanced agricultural technology and more large-scale production organization management methods can be applied,which drives up farm productivity;This process goes on and on like a tread wheel,with farm productivity becoming higher and higher,competition becoming more and more intense,number of farms and number of farm workers becoming less and less,the scale of the farm operation becoming bigger and bigger.Based on the data of farm labor productivity,number of farms,farm size and number of farm workers,the PVAR model is used to analyze the mechanism,and the result is consistent with the theoretical inference.“Tread wheel effect” mainly include: firstly,the granger causality between the four indicators;secondly,the evolution trend of four indicators;thirdly,the relative contribution rate of the four indicators to the change is reflected when the individual indicator is changed;fourthly,the size of the farming should base on the resources endowment,institutional differences,and adapt to the corresponding technical development level of agricultural production,so that effectively improve the labor productivity.For the farm research results of these agricultural modernization countries,it is necessary to selectively absorb based on the specific conditions of our country and the level of agricultural development,which can effectively play a role.In the agricultural development of our country,there are still some problems such as low labor productivity,the scale process being lack of standardization,inefficient land circulation,relatively low human capital,the construction of new agricultural management system being still in its infancy,relatively low conversion rate of production value by studying the development of agriculture in China based on the relevant data of agricultural development.On the problems of agricultural development,the paper finally puts forward some suggestions to promote the development of agriculture in China.