Research On Middle School Physics Textbook (optical Part) In The Early Period Of The Republic Of China

The period of the Republic of China is an important historical turning point and the period of the formation of the concept of science education in China.Since the promulgation of the "Qinding" regulations of the school and the "Zouding" regulations of the school,Physical sciences was systematically introduced into middle school teaching in a statutory form for the first time,and was formally incorporated into the national curriculum system in 1903.The ministry of education of the Republic of China promulgated and implemented the "Renziguichou" school system in 1912-1913,and formulated the curriculum standards of middle schools in the same year,which clearly stipulated the teaching essence,duration,content,sequence and method of physics,indicating that the system of physics discipline is gradually improving.In the early period of the Republic of China,with the abolition of the feudal monarchy,the Chinese people's minds were also liberated.Many educators absorb advanced ideas,enlighten the people,and begin the road of compiling secondary school Physics textbooks in our country.After the founding of People's Republic of China,under the leadership of Chinese Communist Party,the reform of physics teaching materials in China has made gratifying achievements and accumulated rich experience.Education reform continued to deepen,and the fundamental task of cultivating morality and people was gradually implemented.In 2018,the ministry of education issued the standard experimental draft of physics curriculum for ordinary high school(2017edition),which adjusted the structure of high school physics textbook.Optics as an important part of physics course,optics includes geometric optics,wave optics and quantum optics.The optical part of the physics textbook occupies a certain space,which is closely related to social production,science and technology,and daily life.The optics in China can be traced back to the records in the ancient Mohist Canon.This paper takes the early period of the Republic of China 1912-1922 as the research time,and four representative and widely used sets of physics textbooks for middle schools which were written by ourselves as the research object.on the basis of fully understanding historical background during the period of the Republic of China,by means of overall analysis and important comparison,this paper makes a systematic analysis from the following:Compile ideas,format,and content presentation,the conclusion is as follows:(1)The writing philosophy of physics textbooks in middle schools in the early Republic of ChinaIn the early years of the Republic of China,the applicable objects of middle school physics textbooks broke the male and female boundaries,paid attention to the updating of subject knowledge,and emphasized that the language of physics textbooks should reflect the characteristics of "word agreement but essence",should be related to the reality,reflect the purpose of practical writing,and can timely avoid the shortcomings of subsequent writing.(2)The characteristics of the arrangement of physics textbooks in middle schools in the early Republic of ChinaIn the early of the Republic of China high school physics textbooks mainly according to the linear layout,acoustic,optical,thermal,electronic,mechanical,magnetism that constitute the main body of physical knowledge frame of a few parts,the content of the textbook in breadth,difficulty has increasing trend,and can reflect the cognitive strategies of attention in the book,the attention to teaching methods.(3)In the early Republic of China,the contents of middle school physics textbooks presented characteristicsIn the early years of the Republic of China,the middle school physics textbook described the evolution of the concept of optics in detail,and recorded the scientific progress and shortcomings at that time.Short answer questions account for a large proportion and can be well combined with the life situation;The number of experiments has changed from numerous to concise,and the theoretical deductive method is combined with the simple inductive method.The content of the book is in line with the actual situation,highlighting the scientific literacy,learning to use but also contains the humanistic quality,bearing the task of educating people,to cultivate the moral character of students.According to the above conclusions,the research enlightenment is drawn,Make the physics textbook continue to move forward on the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.