An Analysis Of Populism In European And American Countries After The 2008 Financial Crisis

During the ten years from the financial crisis in September 2008 to the shooting in March 2019 in New Zealand,populist incidents in European and American countries frequently occurred,which had a significant negative impact on the political,economic and cultural fields of European and American countries,and had a significant impact on the cooperation and development of all countries in the world.Populism is a social and political phenomenon that aims to satisfy the interests and rights of the people,emphasizes the supremacy of the people and the correctness of the people,opposes elitism,opposes the existing representative system and advocates direct democracy.It originated in Russia during the Czar’s period.In history,there have been many forms of American "People’s Party" and Latin American strong man politics.It has the same "people first" and "nationalism”as populist phenomena such as the rise of right-wing political parties,resistance to refugees,secessionist referendum,Trump election,New Zealand shooting and other events in Europe and the United States,although there is no direct inheritance relationship between them."There are also some similarities in the specific practice behavior of the core appeals.The causes of populism involve many aspects.From the point of view of political system,the unreasonable political system and the imbalance of government functions force the disadvantaged people to express their political demands in the fierce form of populism.From the point of view of economic policy,neo-liberalism allows free capital flow and allows the financial market to expand without supervision,which leads to economic inequalities in Europe and the United States,such as hollowing-out of industries,reduction of jobs and wide gap between the rich and the poor,which are the most direct causes of populism.From the point of view of social structure,the middle class is shrinking day by day,and the role of social stability is weakening;the social multi-cultural conflict is intensifying,forming a hotbed of populism;the groups with various interests are composed of numerous and powerful social groups,which provide material strength for the populist movement.From the point of view of science and technology,the developed,convenient and low-cost network social media greatly enlarged the public’s discontent,helped the people to seize the right to speak from the official media,and provided a mobilization platform for the populists.At present,populism in European and American countries has many negative effects on the producing countries and other parts of the world.Politically,it led to the right-leaning and conservative political wind in the West,the rise of nationalism,racial discrimination and local chauvinism,which led to the distinct national boundaries between European and American countries;economically,it led to the rise of trade protectionism and increased trade frictions in some countries and regions;socially,it led to the opposition of the people to foreign immigrants and refugees,and occasionally erupted violent demonstrations against refugees.The demonstration has violently impacted the values of multiculturalism and strengthened the pride of our nation’s blood relationship and traditional history and culture.Together,these influences have produced a rebounding trend towards globalization at the macro level of the world,namely the so-called "anti-globalization".Populism and anti-globalization are two phenomena that need to be treated dialectically.They are mainly manifested in the frequent withdrawal of the British referendum from Europe and the Trump government from multilateral treaties,which has caused considerable twists and turns in the process of global cooperation and development.But populism will not develop to an uncontrollable degree,nor will it completely change the existing system and values of European and American countries.Because populism will be restricted by fragmentation,contradiction and parochialism in its own attributes in the domestic sphere of European and American countries;a considerable number of people are rational,and people who are temporarily confused by populism tend to return to reason after they realize the negative consequences of populism,let alone many seemingly fanatical and absurd populist politicians themselves.These politicians only regard populism as a mobilization tool;moreover,national regulations such as law,parliamentary system and separation of powers can effectively curb and eliminate populism.At the international level,populism can not prevent the development of objective productivity and international division of labor and cooperation;countries around the world have also used multilateral cooperation mechanisms to offset the impact of populism;populism is only a transitional phenomenon derived from the adjustment of order and the integration of international forces during the transformation of the current world pattern.