Lenin's Thoughts On The Peculiarities Of The Social Development Path Of Backward Countries

In the late 19th and early 20th century,the revolutionary movement of the western proletarian is becoming more and more quiet,but the revolutionary situation in backward countries in the east is increasing.Among them,Russia is particularly prominent.Therefore,this paper chooses Russia,which is the typical representative of the backward countries in the east,as the breakthrough point of the study to elaborate Lenin's thoughts on the particularity of social development path in backward countries through Lenin's exploration and thinking on the social development path of Russia in different historical periods.Lenin's thoughts on the particularity of social development path in backward countries is inheriting and developing the thoughts on eastern social development path of Marx and Engels in the late years,is refuting and criticizing socialist theory of village society of Russian populists,is summarizing and reflecting experience and lessons from Russian worker movement during the period of preparing for revolution.At the same time,the formation and development of the Lenin's thoughts can't do without the correct analysis and grasp by Lenin on Russia's age background,special national characteristics and the increasingly mature revolutionary situation.In addition,the thoughts go through many historical periods of development and perfection,from the appearance of the embryonic form in the period of the preparation of the revolution to the preliminary formation of the thoughts in the period of civil war,to reach maturity in the period of the new economic policy,to continue to develop on the eve of Lenin's death.Lenin's thoughts on the particularity of social development path in backward countries is Lenin's doctrine on the special laws of development of the socialist revolution,socialist transition and socialist construction of backward countries in the east.It is reflected in the whole process of Russian socialist revolution,socialist transition and socialist construction.It mainly includes the following contents:The proletariat firstly capture and master the regime when conditions are not sufficient,then create the conditions for the realization of socialism by using the power of the hands of the proletariat.Transit indirectly to socialism through utilizing capitalism.Use cooperatives to guide peasants on the path of socialism.Accelerate the construction of socialist democracy through organ reform.Strengthen socialist cultural construction through the cultural revolution.Meanwhile,the thoughts of Lenin also reflect some basic characteristics including the unity of universality and particularity,the unity of graduality and speed,the unity of and worldwide and nationality.Lenin's thoughts on the particularity of social development path in backward countries have great historical significance in the three dimensions of theory development,guiding practice and practical enlightenment.On theory development,put forward a new formula for socialist development,which is different from the future socialist idea,found a new way of socialist transition,which is suitable for the national conditions of backward countries,and explore a new method for socialist construction,which also conforms to the social reality of backward countries,then marks the Marxism theory develops to a new stage.On guiding practice,guide Russia to win the victory of October Socialist Revolution and march towards a way to socialist transition,and open up a new situation of the cause of socialist construction in Russia.On practical enlightenment,it is of great significance for the practice of Chinese communists.First,insist on choosing and establishing own country's social development path from the national conditions.Second,always rely on its own effort to build socialism with Chinese characteristics.Finally,be good at learning,drawing on and absorbing outstanding achievements of other countries.