The Relationship Between Interpersonal-introspective Personality Traits And Cooperative Behavior

No matter in study or work,cooperation is regarded as an important way to achieve win-win or even multi-win.Because of its importance in interpersonal interaction,the occurrence and maintenance of cooperative behavior has always been the focus of scholars.As the core variable of individual difference,personality trait has always been the classical individual factor to explain the formation of cooperative behavior.However,most of these studies are carried out under the framework of the big five personality model（introspective personality）based on the cultural background of individualism.With the development and change of personality theory,the role of cultural factors in personality construction has been paid more and more attention and recognized by the academic circles in recent years.Based on the ecological consideration of personality theory and practice,a typical development is that the interpersonal orientation personality dimension based on the collectivism cultural background has obtained significant theoretical and practical support.Given the interpersonal characteristics of cooperative behavior,interpersonal orientation,in addition to introspective personality traits,may have significant incremental validity in explaining people’s cooperative behavior.From the perspective of cultural correlation of personality traits,this study explored the influence of interpersonal personality（interpersonal relatedness personality）on cooperative behavior by referring to introspective personality（big five personality）and competitive behavior,and further explored the neurophysiological evidence of interpersonal orientation personality traits with the help of functional near-infrared instruments.The subjects of this study were recruited from a university in Shanghai,and a total of 80 students were recruited,aged between 21 and 25（M=23,SD=.88）,among whom 14 were male students and 66 were female students.According to the research task（cooperative/competitive task）,they were divided into40 pairs.In order to avoid the influence of gender and interpersonal familiarity in the cooperative task,each group was composed of subjects of the same gender and did not know each other.The research consists of two experiments:in experiment 1,different interpersonal interaction scenarios（cooperative task,competitive task and independent task）were set,focusing on whether the influence of interpersonal personality and introspective personality on cooperative behavior is different from other behaviors.In experiment 2,the difficulty of cooperative task was only increased,and the behavioral performance of interpersonal personality and introspective personality in cooperative task was mainly investigated when the task itself changed.Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 used Eprime and fNIRS apparatus to record the behavioral indicators of the subjects--accuracy rate and reaction time as well as the concentration of oxyhemoglobin（O₂Hb）,the physiological indicator.The final data analysis was filtered based on the following criteria.The deletion of behavioral data depends on the accuracy rate of the subjects recorded by the experimental software and the integrity of the response time.The deletion of fNIRS data depends on whether the original wavelength variation coefficient meets the data selection criteria.There were 76 people in 38 groups of final behavioral data retention and 61 people in 32groups of fNIRS data retention.The results of experiment 1 showed that there were differences in the behavior of high/low interpersonal orientation in cooperative tasks,but no differences in the behavior of competitive tasks.There was no difference in the behavior of the high/low introspective individuals in the cooperative task,but there was a difference in the behavior of the competitive task.This indicates that interpersonal personality pays more attention to the cooperative behavior of common interests,while introspective personality pays more attention to the competitive behavior of individual interests.There was no significant difference in oxygenated hemoglobin between high/low introspective personalities and high/low interpersonal personalities in the cooperative task.During the cooperative task,the concentration of oxyhemoglobin in the left frontal region of the highly interpersonal oriented people significantly changed,indicating that the interpersonal oriented people paid more attention to the emotions of the partners during the cooperative task.Compared with the competitive task and the independent task,there was interbrain coherence in the cooperative task.The results of experiment 2 showed that when the task difficulty increased,there were differences in the behavior performance of people with high/low interpersonal orientation in the cooperative task,while there were no differences in the behavior performance of people with high/low introspective personality in the cooperative task.This further demonstrates that interpersonal relatedness personality can well explain the interaction behavior in interpersonal situations.And as the difficulty of the cooperative task increased,the variation of the individuals’blood oxygen concentration also increased.The high/low introspective personality showed significant differences in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration,and the main brain region was the right central region,which is related to thinking.From the above two experiments,the following conclusions can be drawn:compared with the introspective personality theory,interpersonal relatedness personality has a greater impact on cooperative behavior in interpersonal situations.In addition,interpersonal personality and introspective personality are influenced by cognitive control and social cognition in the process of influencing interpersonal behavior.This study provides new research methods and neurophysiological evidences for us to understand the role of personality factors in the occurrence of cooperative behavior more accurately.