The Characteristics Of The Times Of Scholars' Thought In The Late Ming Dynasty

The society of late Ming Dynasty was in a period of transformation.On the one hand,influenced by the germination of capitalism,western culture and religion led by Catholicism were introduced.At the same time,the academic circles in the late Ming Dynasty experienced the transformation from the theory of mind to the simple learning of Qing Dynasty.Zhang Dai,as a typical scholar in this period,had many complicated factors,such as psychology,Buddhism,history,Western learning and so on.Therefore,the study of Zhang Dai's time characteristics in the late Ming Dynasty will help us to grasp the context and characteristics of scholars' thoughts in the late Ming Dynasty.Based on the historical materials of Shi Kui Shu?Si Shu Yu and Lang Huan Poetry Collection,this paper demonstrates that Zhang Dai has the characteristics of the times of the late Ming Dynasty scholars.On the one hand,Zhang Dai's literary works,Confucian thoughts and historical works have the historical brand of Wang Yang Ming's mind study.On the other hand,Zhang Dai made up for the lack of academic circles in the late Ming Dynasty by criticizing the politics of the late Ming Dynasty and establishing the pluralistic religious views of Buddhism and Catholicism.There are three chapters in this paper.The first chapter studies the influence of Wang Yang Ming's theory of mind on Zhang Dai.The author explores Zhang Dai's Thoughts on the imperial examination system,artistic creation and the relationship between them from three aspects.First of all,the author analyzes Zhang Dai's opposition to the Eight Legged system under the influence of Yang Ming's philosophy of mind,and then studies Zhang Dai's novels and artistic creation under the influence of Wang Yang Ming's philosophy of mind.Finally,this paper discusses Zhang Dai's historical works on the influence of Wang Yang Ming's theory of mind.Through three aspects to explore Zhang Dai's absorption and inheritance of Wang Yang Ming school in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The second chapter studies Zhang Dai's social critical thought.After experiencing the change of Ming and Qing Dynasties,Zhang Dai was deeply aware of the social evils of the late Ming Dynasty.Zhang Dai tried to use social criticism to correct the neglect of practical learning in the late Ming Dynasty.Zhang Dai criticized the whole society of late Ming Dynasty from three aspects of culture,military and politics.It is worth noting that Zhang Dai mentioned that the biggest problem of the whole late Ming society was that scholars gave lectures everywhere,which made people's hearts float and morality declined,resulting in great chaos in the whole late Ming Society.The third chapter studies Zhang Dai's multi religious view.After experiencing the rise of Buddhism in the late Ming Dynasty and the spread of Western learning to the East,Zhang Dai constantly reflected on and improved his mind theory of Wang Yang Ming.With Buddhism and Catholicism,Zhang Dai expanded the traditional Confucianism and achieved the integration of Confucianism and Buddhism and the integration of eastern and Western cultures.