Research On The Rhyming Of A Gongqiang In Shaanxi Province

Shaanxi E’gong Opera,also known as North Road Qin Opera,is a branch of Guanzhong Shadow Show,which originated in the late Qing Dynasty and is now mainly popular in Fuping area.In recent years,the study of Shaanxi E’gong Opera mainly focuses on script arrangement,opera language,cultural orientation,literary value and inheritance protection,rarely involving the rhyme of Shaanxi E’gong Opera.Therefore,the systematic study of the Shaanxi E,gong Opera rhyme from the perspective of phonology is a work that can fill in the blank of previous studies,and there is still a lot of research space.In 1958,Shaanxi E’gong Opera was changed from shadow play to stage opera.In order to meet the needs of singing,a lot of lyric passages were added,which enriched the dialect materials in opera and provided abundant materials for the study of phonology.In this paper,50 kinds of scripts preserved in the Showroom of Art Achievements of Shaanxi Art Research Institute are taken as research materials.The excavation and collation of these plays are mainly carried out by Duan Tianhuan and other veteran artists and researchers.The duration of the scripts is roughly from the end of Qing Dynasty to around the founding of the People’s Republic.During this period,dialects have little change,so they can be regarded as rhyming materials in the same system.The research methods of this paper are as follows:Firstly,to determine the standard of rhyme examples,and then to refer to the standard system of rhyme words.Secondly,using the method of arithmetic statistics,the Rhymes System of Shaanxi E’gong Opera in Shaanxi Province are concluded.Thirdly,it analyses the mixed rhyme section and the special rhyme section of individual characters entering rhyme in Shaanxi E’gong Opera,and analyses the origin and development of rhyme words with reference to Guangyun and Zhongyuan Phonology.Finally,the rhyme system of Shaanxi E’gong Opera is compared with the dialect phonetic system of Fuping area and Putonghua phonetic system,and the actual phonetic situation of Fuping area reflected in Shaanxi E,gong Opera scripts is discussed.By sorting out and analyzing the scripts,the Rhymes System of Shaanxi E’gong Opera are concluded:Fahuazhe(发花辙)、suobozhe(梭波辙)、Miexiezhe(乜斜辙)、Gufuzhe(姑夫辙)、Yiqizhe(一七辙)、Huailaizhe(怀来辙)、Huiduizhe(灰堆辙)、Yaotiaozhe(遥条辙)、Youqiuzhe(由求辙)、Yanqianzhe(言前辙)、Renchenzhe(人辰辙)、Jiangyangzhe(江阳辙)and Zhongdongzhe(中东辙).It is found that the rhyme of Shaanxi E’gong Opera has the characteristics of function words entering rhyme,repeating rhyme,the Ping tone and the Ze tone can being used together,Multi-rhyming.Because of the influence of Fuping dialect,preservation of ancient and archaic,different pronunciation,similiar pronunciation,polyphony and historical origin,there are a lot of Multi-rhyming and special rhyming of individual characters in Shaanxi E’gong Opera.The details are as follows:1.Dialect causes of Multi-rhyming and special rhyming of individual characters:Gufuzhe(姑夫辙)and Yiqizhe(一七辙)Multi-rhyming;物 into Suobozhe(梭波辙);Yiqizhe(一七辙)and Huiduizhe(灰堆辙)Multi-rhyming;Gufuzhe(姑夫辙)and Youqiuzhe(由求辙)Multi-rhyming;Suobozhe(梭波辙)and Miexiezhe(乜斜辙)Multi-rhyming;绿 into Youqiuzhe(由求辙);做 into Youqiuzhe(由求辙);德得国白麦 into Huiduizhe(灰堆辙);备惫眉楣非飞 into Yiqizhe(一七辙)Multi-rhyming;偕鞋谐喈街涯崖into Huailaizhe(怀来辙);脚角药into Suobozhe(梭波辙);耳二into Suobozhe(梭波辙).2.Multi-rhyming and special rhyming of individual characters caused by different literary and white readings:Gufuzhe(姑夫辙)and Yiqizhe(一七辙)Multi-rhyming;嗟斜邪 into Fahuazhe(发花辙);拂into Suobozhe(梭波辙);跃 into Yaotiaozhe(遥条辙);姻 into Yanqianzhe(言前辙).3.Same historical origin causes of Multi-rhyming and special rhyming of individual characters:Gufuzlhe(姑夫辙)and Yiqizhe(一七辙)Multi-rhyming;Yiqizhe(一七辙)and Huiduizhe(灰堆辙)Multi-rhyming;Suobozhe(梭波辙)and Miexiezhe(乜斜辙)Multi-rhyming;嗟斜邪 into Fahuazhe(发花辙);备惫眉楣非飞into Yiqizhe(一七辙)Multi-rhyming;偕鞋谐喈街涯崖 into Huailaizhe(怀来辙).4.Multi-rhyming and special rhyming of individual characters caused by close pronunciation:Yiqizhe(一七辙)and Huiduizhe(灰堆辙)Multi-rhyming;偕鞋谐喈街涯崖 into Huailaizhe(怀来辙);耳二 into Suobozhe(梭波辙).5.Multi-rhyming and special rhyming of individual characters caused by different pronunciation:么 into Fahuazhe(发花辙).6.Multi-rhyming and special rhyming of individual characters caused by antique preservation and imitation:嗟斜邪 into Fahuazhe(发花辙).The above factors have influenced the rhyme of Shaanxi E’gong Opera,which is also the reason why the Rhymes System of Shaanxi E’gong Opera differ from the Thirteen Rhymes(十三辙)of Northern Opera in the specific merging of certain words or certain types of words.Finally,this paper compares the Fuping vowels corresponding to the Rhymes System of Shaanxi EPgong Opera with the Thirteen Rhymes(十三辙)of Northern Opera in Putonghua,and concludes some phonetic characteristics of Fuping language reflected by the rhymes of Shaanxi E’gong Opera.