Research On The Ethical Issues Of Human Enhancement

With the increasing application of emerging science and technology to improve the human body and/or spirit,human enhancement as a professional term has come into people's vision and aroused heated discussion.Human enhancement can refer to any kind of genetic,biomedical or pharmaceutical intervention aimed at improving human dispositions,capabilities,and well-being,even when there is no pathology to be treated.The study of human enhancement is not only about "nature" which should be paid attention to in the field of science and technology,but also about the "value" dimension which ethics and morality should consider.The ethical controversy arising from enhancement begins with the ambiguous concept of human enhancement.That is,people understand human enhancement from different conceptual levels,so this paper first analyzes and summarizes the connotations of the concept of human enhancement,and reveals the difference between traditional enhancement and modern enhancement,as well as the two interpretation approaches of modern enhancement,namely,the fact-based enhancement and value-based enhancement.Four types of human enhancement are summarized: physiological enhancement,mental and emotion enhancement,moral enhancement and compound enhancement.This paper sorts out four kinds of ethical problems caused by human enhancement: freedom and autonomy,human dignity,justice and equality,survival and development.Then,the paper argues that the philosophical ontological basis of human enhancement lies in its historical inevitability,development necessity and value neutrality of the technology itself as a practical intermediary.From the perspective of the integration of instrumental rationality and value rationality,this paper puts forward practical wisdom to realize the contradictory unity of instrumental rationality and value rationality.From the viewpoint of the theory of freedom and rights,this paper argues that human beings have the right to enhance themselves.From these three aspects,the paper responds to the ethical problems caused by human enhancement.In the practical part of human enhancement,the paper proposes responsibility consciousness,tolerance spirit,legal and ethical norms to make the development of human enhancement consistent with the realization of human freedom and happiness.