| The decline of the sectarians,the reform of the imperial examination system,and the right-wing national policy adopted since the founding of the country have jointly promoted the formation of the political subject of the Song Dynasty.The scholar-officials contain bureaucrats,scholars,and literati have three roles in one body,and their social status has obvious characteristics compared with the previous generations.This has made the Song Dynasty scholars feel strong in their social mission and rich in social ideal thoughts.They are typical representatives in ancient Chinese society.In addition,the Zhao Song Dynasty provided a relatively relaxed space for political participation for the scholar-officials.The scholar-officials put forward their own theories on the construction of major social construction issues such as the social ideals of “returning to the three generations” and put them into practice for the Song Dynasty.The social and economic development and prosperity and the reconstruction of moral values have made outstanding contributions,such as Fan Zhongyan’s implementation of “ruling the world”.Zhang Zai’s ideal social concept characterized by People dating things sharing;Wang Anshi’s Xining Reform,which was raised to achieve the prosperity of the country and the people;Zhu Xi’s reconstruction of the Confucian ethics and moral thoughts;Lu Jiuyuan’s social ideals based on“heart-mind theory”,Chen Liang’s utilitarian ideas.The Song Dynasty scholar-officials talked loudly about the advantages and disadvantages.They showed their profound knowledge and macroscopic grasp of social construction and a high sense of social responsibility.However,some scholars,especially later philosophers,talked about their lives and satisfactorily,making these theories different in degree of existence.The party struggle that originated in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty gradually made the thoughts of the scholar-officials tend to be narrow and contradictory,and the social ideals constructed were inevitably affected by various social factors.The scholar-officials made an important contribution to making the Song Dynasty a peak of China’s ancient political,economic,ideological and cultural development,and left a rich legacy for the ideal theory of ancient Chinese society. |
