Research On The Problem Of Urban Reconstruction After The Great Fire Of London In 1666

On September 2,1666,a fire broke out in a bakery in London's pudding lane.the fire lasted for three and a half days and destroyed 85% of the city buildings within the Roman city wall.About 13,200 houses,52 company halls,87 churches and ancient landmark buildings including St.Paul's Cathedral,the Royal Exchange and the City Hall were burned down,creating nearly80,000 homeless people,causing large-scale population movements in London,intensifying religious conflicts and impacting social order.It is still one of the major disasters in the history of London and even Britain.After the fire,Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke,founders of the Royal Society,put forward a plan for urban reconstruction.However,London's urban reconstruction still faces many problems-the power of King Charles II is constrained by the parliament,the contradiction between the elite's desire to comprehensively plan the city and the citizens' desire to restore order to life in London,and the financial constraints caused by the 1665 plague and the Anglo-Dutch war.After a game between the parties,the royal family,the parliament and the city finally adopted a compromise approach,taking the " Urban Reconstruction Act" passed in 1677 as the outline,to rapidly launch London's urban construction.This reconstruction is a milestone in the history of London's urban construction: private buildings have changed from medieval wooden houses to modern brick houses.The new houses not only improve fire resistance,but also are healthier and healthier.Famous public buildings such as the Royal Exchange,London Port,London Fire Monument and St.Paul's Cathedral were rebuilt after the fire.Streets were widened,transportation was more suitable for the progress and development of the times,the market was further standardized,the layout of London city was more reasonable,and the reconstruction of London's infrastructure generated huge economic demand.In addition,the fire also raised people's awareness of fire prevention and disaster prevention,and promoted the birth of the world's earliest fire insurance company.The loan relationship during this period also gave birth to the Bank of England,Britain's first national bank.Taking the London fire of 1666 as the starting point,this paper analyzes the influence and significance of London reconstruction on the development of British history through the reappearance of the historical facts of London fire and London city reconstruction,so as to understand and understand the British society in this period,and also hopes that the interpretation of London reconstruction can provide reference for China's urban construction.