| Over the past 200 years,Shanghai opera has been widely spread in and around Shanghai.In modern times,following the trend of urban cultural development,Shanghai opera has gradually become one of the most popular local operas in Shanghai.From the origin of Shanghai opera to the early stage of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the mode of mentoring has been adopted to train talents for performing Shanghai opera.The main form of inheriting Shanghai opera at that time was to learn art from teachers and teach them by heart.Under the traditional talent training mode,Shanghai opera apprentices mainly come from Shanghai and its surrounding areas,and their family background and education degree have been improved with the development of Shanghai opera in different periods.In terms of drama talent training,mentoring relationship is the main mode,and apprentices have strong personal attachment.Teaching is mainly carried out in the traditional form of "one-to-one" word of mouth,which is the main way of talent training for Shanghai opera before the formal establishment of class teaching,and has made an important contribution to the prosperity and development of Shanghai opera.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the power of cultivating Shanghai opera artists was transferred to the state by the people.In 1956,Shanghai opera school opened the class of Shanghai opera,which officially opened the class teaching system of Shanghai opera.Since then,the talent training of Shanghai opera performance has officially entered the stage of institutionalization and class training.Education,the class of Shanghai opera,ended the model of private art teaching by word of mouth,broke the original mentoring relationship with strong personal attachment,and transformed into a relatively free teacher-student relationship.The teaching form has changed from the traditional form of "one-to-one" to the school teaching form of "many-to-many".On the basis of teaching basic skills of Shanghai opera,strengthen the study of ideological and political education and cultural courses.At the same time,the district and county governments have also made great efforts to build Shanghai opera classes of drama schools affiliated to the district and county.All state-owned Shanghai opera troupes have also set up schools to recruit students of Shanghai opera and train talents of Shanghai opera performance in batches.Inaddition,in order to meet the growing cultural and entertainment needs of the people,under the leadership of governments at all levels,through the development of various types of opera short-term training classes,professional troupes go to the countryside and factories to coach and other forms,cultivate a large number of grass-roots backbone of literature and art.At the same time,it has also provided some talents for Shanghai opera professional troupes,and formed a benign interaction with drama schools and schools,which jointly constituted the training system for Shanghai opera performance talents after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and before the reform and opening up.After the reform and opening up,in view of the rapid changes in the social environment,artists of Shanghai opera have been losing their jobs.In addition,in the new era,due to the diversity of entertainment and choices,the willingness of school-age children to learn Shanghai opera has plummeted,and it is increasingly difficult to recruit students.Therefore,the inheritance of Shanghai opera is facing a shortage of young people.In the face of the new social environment,huju opera has gradually adopted the mode of joint training between drama schools and professional institutes and troupes,and gradually expanded the enrollment scope to cope with the brain drain and shortage of students of huju opera.In the new historical period,after experiencing a brief boom,the market of Shanghai opera has been gradually shrinking.How to train artists who meet the requirements of the market has become the key to the talent training of Shanghai opera. |
