The Urban Transformation Of Paris In The "Belle Era"

From the end of 19^th century to the beginning of 20^th century,the French economy underwent a rapid development.Paris,as the capital of France,was at the forefront of innovation and modernization.With the advancement of Industrial revolution,the urbanization of the city also greatly accelerated,and Paris soon occupied the world-leading position in terms of politics,economy and culture.However,after the urban renewal of Haussmann in the Second Empire,a series of problems occurred this process,such as the social problems brought by the rapid development of the city,the deterioration of urban environment,and so on.The renewal of the city by the French Third Republic during the Belle Epoque not only inherited the renewal of Haussmann,but also tried to solve the problems of urban renewal under the model of Haussmannisme.The renewal of Paris also provided the inspiration for the study of urbanization and has become an eternal classic case of urban history research.Although the status and influence of Paris had been challenged by European and American cities after the Second World War,the researches on Paris are still helping us to understand the development and the limitations of the contemporary France and Western cities.This article discusses the urban renewal of Paris during Belle Epoque.The introduction part offers the latest development and research of Paris;the first chapter gives a brief background knowledge about the political and economic pattern of the Third Republic and the renewal of Haussmann in the mid-nineteenth century;the second chapter discusses a series of problems in Paris after the renewal of Haussmann,the urban public health,and the influence of the World Expo;the third chapter examines the urban renewal and concretes on practice of the construction of Paris Metro,the renewal of urban blocks and the governance of the Seine River,with the focus on the urban construction of Paris in the Belle Epoque and its influence on the urban pattern of Paris;and the final chapter presents the impact and significance of the renewal.All in all,this article hopes that through a comprehensive and meticulous interpretation of the study of urban history in Paris,we can understand the characteristics of Paris during Belleépoque,enrich the study of modern European cities,and promote the profundity of urban history research.