Research On Prepositions Of Time And Space For Chinese International Education

Prepositions,as a kind of function words,are an important category of function words in modern Chinese grammar system because of their small number but high frequency of use.Temporal and spatial prepositions are one of the major categories of prepositions.They can be used to refer to the components of time and space,which is a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.This paper takes the temporal and spatial prepositions in the New Chinese Proficiency Examination syllabus as the research object.First,it discusses their syntactic and semantic functions,and distinguishes three groups of confusing temporal and spatial prepositions.Then,according to the HSK corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University,it systematically investigates the general situation and types of errors of foreign students,and obtains more scientific and detailed statistical data.On this basis,the reasons for the errors of space-time prepositions are analyzed.In addition,the distribution of space-time prepositions in syllabus and textbooks is analyzed statistically,and the explanation of examples and the design of exercises are inspected.Finally,by combining the ontological study,bias study and textbook study of spatial and temporal prepositions,this paper puts forward some Suggestions on the acquisition order,textbook compilation and classroom teaching of spatial and temporal prepositions from a macroscopic perspective,so as to help the future teaching of spatial and temporal prepositions.This paper is divided into five parts:Introduction.This chapter first discusses the value and significance of topic selection of space-time prepositions.Then discusses the status quo and research trends of space-time prepositions,including the ontological status quo of space-time prepositions,the status quo and research trend of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.Finally,the research plan of space-time prepositions is discussed.The first chapter is the ontological study of space-time prepositions.This chapter first summarizes the functional features of space-time prepositions in syntax.Then,according to the semantic functional characteristics of space-time prepositions,they are divided into time prepositions and space prepositions from a macro perspective,and time prepositions are further subdivided into existential meaning,starting meaning,terminal meaning,distance meaning and conditional meaning from a micro perspective.Space prepositions are subdivided into existential meaning,starting meaning,meridian meaning,directional meaning,spatial meaning and terminal meaning.Finally,three groups of spatial and temporal prepositions with similar meaning and easy to be confused are compared and analyzed.The second chapter is the study of the errors of temporal and spatial prepositions and the reasons for them.In this chapter,first of all,the errors of space-time prepositions in HSK corpus are investigated.The occurrence frequency and error frequency of each space-time preposition are counted and the error rate is calculated to obtain more scientific statistical data.In addition,the error types of space-time prepositions are analyzed.It mainly contains three types:misrepresentation,mis addition and omission.Then,on this basis,it explores the reasons for the errors of space-time prepositions and their errors.The reasons can be summarized as follows:one is the factors of Chinese itself,that is the factors of the pronunciation,semantics and font of space-time prepositions.Secondly,the factors of learning environment mainly include the factors of teachers' teaching and textbook compilation.The third is learners' factors,including the generalization of target language knowledge and avoidance strategies.The third chapter is the study of the teaching situation of space-time prepositions in TCFL.This chapter first investigates the distribution of space-time prepositions in the New Chinese Proficiency Examination Outline and the Chinese Course,and the teaching material in the presence of the prepositions of time and space sequence and the outline of the prepositions of time and space,this paper compares and analyzes the emergence of order.It is found that the distribution of these 12 space-time prepositions in the textbooks is uneven,and the order and frequency of appearance are also compared with those in the New Chinese Proficiency Examination Outline.The difficulty of vocabulary collection does not fully accord with the level of vocabulary.Then,the paper investigates the explanation and practice design of space-time prepositions in the textbook,and finds that the explanations of space-time prepositions in textbooks are too simple,most of them appear only in the new word list,rarely in the grammatical part of the later in-depth explanation,the number of exercise designs about space-time prepositions is small and the topic type is single.The forth chapter is about the acquisition order and teaching strategies of temporal and spatial prepositions.This chapter first explores the acquisition order of space-time prepositions based on the errors of space-time prepositions in corpus.Secondly,based on the distribution,interpretation,exercise design and the principles of textbook compilation of space-time prepositions in textbooks,it puts forward suggestions for textbook compilation.Thirdly,it puts forward suggestions for classroom teaching from macro and micro perspectives,which are based on the errors and errors of each space-time preposition in microcosm.The types of errors put forward specific and targeted suggestions,macroscopically including the combination of ontology research and teaching practice,the combination of error research and teaching practice two teaching strategies,The latter is formulated from the two aspects of the error situation and the cause of the error of the space-time preposition.Finally,the teaching design of space-time prepositions is carried out.Conclusion.This paper summarizes the errors and causes of space-time prepositions and the teaching situation of Chinese as a foreign language,and puts forward some suggestions on the acquisition order of space-time prepositions,the compilation of textbooks and classroom teaching,so as to help the teaching of space-time prepositions in the future.