Exercise Regulates Learning And Memory: The Role Of The Endocannabinoid System

It is well known that exercise has a positive effect on enhancing individual immunity and preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,hypertension and neuropathic diseases.A large number of studies about animal and human have shown that exercise.plays a positive role in promoting the recovery of cognitive impairment and cognitive function in individuals.Learning and memory,as one of the most important cognitive functions of animals and human beings,is the focus of research in this field.At present,the related researches are mainly focused on the effect of exercise on synapse formation and plasticity change,But its internal mechanism involves the peripheral and central systems,which are quite complex and have not yet been clarified in a more comprehensive and systematic way.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)as an important brain nutrition factor played a crucial role in the process of facilitating synaptic plasticity and enhancing synaptic plasticity.BDNF is considered to be a key intracerebral factor in the molecular mechanism of exercise enhancing learning and memory.An in-depth study of the internal molecular mechanism of exercise enhanced learning and memory can not only help us a more comprehensive understanding of brain function gain,and the research results can be applied to guide the human related research,and further guide the work of education,sports,medical and other related areas,it has important social value and practical significance of progress in the field of human.Endocannabinoids(eCB)are important bioactive substances in vivo,which are similar to natural cannabinoids.They are involved in many physiological functions including learning and memory through binding with cannabinoid receptors.In recent years,more and more researches have been done on the regulation function of eCB system in learning and emotion.Some research results indicate that it plays an important role in the expression of BDNF.Therefore,we speculate that the eCB system is likely to play an important role in the process of exercise to enhance learning and memory.Based on the above research hypothesis,this study used the way to exercise the mice through a treadmill,and used behavioral measurement method of open field,elevated cross maze and Morris water maze spatial learning and memory test to establish a mice exercise enhanced learning and memory model.Based on the conditions of different types of cannabinoid receptor 1 specific knockout mice in the laboratory,we further explore the role of eCB system in the process of exercise enhancing learning and memory.The experimental results are as follows:(1)After 4 weeks of exercise training using C57BL/6J wild mice,the learning and memory ability of the mice in the exercise group was significantly better than that in the control group,and the expression of BDNF and CB1R in the hippocampus of the mice increased significantly after the exercise.There was no significant difference in locomotor and anxiety state between exercise group and control group;(2)The analysis of autonomic exercise ability,anxiety level and learning and memory ability of gene mice shows that CB1R knockout on glutamate neurons and GABA neurons did not exert significant effects on locomotor capacity,anxiety and spatial learning and memory abilities in mice.The autonomic and spatial learning and memory abilities of CB1R specific knockout mice on glial surface were also not affected by gene knockout,but the level of anxiety was reduced.(3)After 4 weeks of exercise training,there was no significant difference in the CB1R specific knockout of the three types of cells and the autonomic exercise ability and anxiety level of the control mice with the same nest.The learning and memory ability of CB1R specific knockout mice on the surface of GABA neurons and astrocytes was not significantly different from that of the same nest control mice.But glutamate neuron specific CB1R knockout mice did not improve learning and memory abilities after exercise,and the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus did not increase as well.In conclusion,combined with the experimental results of autonomic locomotion,anxiety level,learning and memory ability and expression of BDNF and CB1R in hippocampus,the learning and memory ability and BDNF expression of CB1R gene knockout mice after exercise were discussed.We believe that the long-term and moderate treadmill exercise model is more stable and has no effect on the anxiety state of mice and the ability to exercise autonomously.ECS can play an important role in regulating learning and memory by regulating the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of mice,and the surface CB1R of glutamate neurons plays an important role in it.From the results,the knockout of GABA neurons and CB1R on the surface of glial cells did not show the effect on the process of exercise enhanced learning and memory.