A Theoretical Study On The Different Uses Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based On Metaphoric Cognition

Sheng shu yi yong refers to that the effect of Chinese traditional medicine is different before and after processing[1].In ancient medical books,there are many relevant records about it.For examples,Compendium of materia medica[3]said:licorice can nourish the body after processing,but can clear fire before processing.The words of the herbs[12]said:rehmannia mainly return to shou shaoyin,and can cool blood before processing,but ruturn to zu shaoyin,and can nourish yin and blood.The original of classics[23]said:before monkshood is processed,it can dispel the cold,while after it's processed,it can warm kidney yang.However,because of various reasons,ancient doctors did not summarize it systematically.On the basis of previous medical experience,modern scholars of traditional Chinese medicine have comprehensively and systematically summarized it.They think that it is mainly reflected in the four qi and five taste of drugs,ascending and descending,meridian,toxicity,efficacy and other aspects.Among them,in five aspects including sheng cold shu warm,sheng hot shu cool,sheng ascending shu descending,sheng descending shu ascending,sheng jing shu yi,sheng jun shu huan,sheng xing shu zhi,sheng liang shu zhi,sheng clearing damp shu tonifying yang,etc[1].At the same time,modern scholars of traditional Chinese medicine have carried out in-depth research on the internal mechanism of sheng shu yi yong with the help of advanced science and technology,and believe that it is mainly related to the chemical composition or pharmacological effect of drugs.However,few scholars have discussed such a problem:ancient China lacked advanced science and technology,under this circumstance,how did ancient Chinese medical experts first discover and recognize the law of sheng shu yi yong?That is to say,what is the cognitive origin of ancient Chinese medical experts on the sheng shu yi yong?Therefore,this paper mainly discusses from the following three aspects:(1)Firstly,this paper sorts out and analyzes 11 kinds of laws of sheng shu yi yong,and illustrates the typical drugs respectively,so as to enable readers to roughly understand the theory of sheng shu yi yong.(2)Secondly,this paper collected and sorted out 175 commonly used clinical drugs with the law of sheng shu yi yong,and classified them into Excel for the purpose of statistical analysis of the similarities of these drugs in the aspects of four qi and five taste,meridian attribution,toxicity and efficacy.Finally,it was found that the five taste is mainly bitter,sweet and pungent.The four qi is mainly cold,hot,warm and cold.The channels of liver,lung,spleen,kidney and stomach are the main channels,and the others are less.In terms of toxic,it is mainly non-toxic drugs.In terms of efficacy classification,it is mainly used for supplementing deficiency,resolving phlegm,relieving cough and relieving asthma,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.(3)At last,this paper analyzes and studies the cognitive roots of ancient medical practitioners on the laws of sheng shu yi yong by means of metaphorical cognition,and finds that ancient medical practitioners often take food,animals(including humans)and weather as the origin domain to understand the laws of sheng shu yi yong.For example,firstly,ancient medical experts often understood the different reactions and states of human body after taking raw and cooked medicines by observing the different reactions and states after eating raw and cooked foods,and found that traditional Chinese medicine has the laws of sheng cold shu warm,sheng purging and shu tonifying.Secondly,ancient medical experts often observed the impact of domestication on animals to understand the impact of processing of traditional Chinese medicine,and concluded that traditional Chinese medicine has the law of sheng jun shu huan.Thirdly,ancient medical experts often recognize the characteristics of drugs before and after processing by observing the characteristics of human beings in different states,so as to discover and summarize the laws of sheng jun shu huan.Fourthly,ancient medical experts often knew the changes of traditional Chinese medicine before and after processing by observing the changing characteristics of the weather,and concluded that traditional Chinese medicine had the laws of sheng descending shu ascending.In a word,Chinese ancient doctors often used metaphorical cognition to understand TCM and its laws of sheng shu yi yong.