Environmental Characteristics And Application Analysis Of A Multi-layer Covered Integrated Solar Greenhouse

Energy-saving solar greenhouse is the main structure of winter facility production in northern China,which can significantly improve the quality and quantity of winter vegetables and increase benefits,and has great development potential.Daqing City is located in Heilongjiang Province.The harsh environmental conditions in winter.The development of facility agriculture will help it to get rid of the cold climate.It is a powerful pillar for increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing household income in Daqing City.However,the high investment in the initial construction of traditional solar greenhouses has restricted the promotion of facility agriculture.Now,based on the regional characteristics and current situation of Daqing City,a new type of multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse is being promoted to meet the needs of greenhouse winter production with low input and high efficiency.In order to study the application effect of multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse in vegetable production in Daqing area,the traditional brick-concrete structure solar greenhouse was used as a control to monitor the hottest summer and coldest winter greenhouses from September 2018 to January 2020 Changes in temperature and humidity.Greenhouse temperature includes horizontal and east-south and north-south air temperature and soil temperature changes,vertical air temperature under different film structure,and soil temperature at different depths.At the same time,the skeleton structure and suitable vegetable stubble arrangement of the multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse are analyzed.The test results show that:(1)The multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse has an average temperature in the greenhouse not higher than the average outdoor temperature of0.89°C in various time periods in summer,a temperature difference of 0 to 6.2°C in the east-west direction,and a temperature difference of the north-south direction 0~5°C,the vertical temperature difference is 0~8.5°C,the temperature difference between different heights of the inner wall of the rear wall is 0~1°C,the temperature in the greenhouse is relatively uniform,close to the outdoor temperature,suitable for plants in proper shading conditions Grow neatly.(2)The temperature change of the multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse in various periods in winter is:the average night temperature is 0.6°C,the minimum temperature is above-2.5°C,and the average outdoor temperature is increased by 17.83°C,0.8°C lower than the average of the traditional solar greenhouse;the temperature difference between the east and west directions of the multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse is 0~7.5°C,the temperature difference between the north and south directions is 0~4.5°C,and the temperature difference between the east and west directions of the traditional solar greenhouse 0~6.6°C,the temperature difference between north and south is 0~5.2°C.Multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse during the period from November 11 to December 20,2019(appropriate temperature replenishment in extreme weather),the temperature inside the greenhouse performed well.It shows that the temperature difference between the north and south of the multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse is smaller than that of the traditional solar greenhouse,and it can meet the basic production needs in winter to a certain extent.(3)Multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse The temperature difference between east and west and north-south directions at 10cm of the soil layer does not exceed 2.50°C,the average temperature difference does not exceed 1.365°C,and the minimum soil temperature is5°C;The temperature difference between east and west and between north and south does not exceed 1.50°C,the average temperature difference does not exceed 0.75°C,and the minimum soil temperature is 6°C.It shows that the temperature difference of the soil in the multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse is small and suitable for the growth of low-temperature resistant plants.(4)Multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse Under the three weather conditions of sunny,cloudy,rain and snow,the humidity inside the greenhouse is decreasing,but it is always higher than that of the traditional solar greenhouse.The law of temperature and humidity changes in the greenhouse has a negative correlation.The maximum relative humidity of the multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse at night can reach 100%.It is necessary to dehumidify in production in time to avoid disease.(5)The multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse has a simple skeleton structure and a high degree of integration.The construction cost is 80-150 yuan/m~2.The damage to the cultivated soil layer is small,and the installation of the multi-layer film extends the production cycle to achieve the peak production.Out,increase efficiency.In summary,the multi-layer covered integrated solar greenhouse has a simple structure,low initial investment,and diversified stubble arrangements.It can be produced normally under appropriate shade conditions in summer;in the single-film structure in winter,it can achieve early spring to mid-late March planting,and late autumn until the end of November harvest;winter 4 film structure low-temperature planting of leafy plants;Under the conditions of proper temperature replenishment,it can be produced in winter or raised in advance,so as to realize the annual production of the greenhouse.