The Test Technology And Application Of Dwarfing And Dense Planting Of Protected Red Dates In Shenmu City

There are a lot of problems of jujube production in Shenmu,such as single variety,quality deterioration,improper fertilization,soil hardening,inadequate prevention and control of pest and frequent rainwater,these problems will cause serious fruit cracking and economic losses.Fortunately,protected cultivation can artificially regulate the environmental conditions for the growth and development of jujube trees to achieve the goal of artificial control.Jujube trees suitable for protected cultivation which can control the spread of pests and diseases,increase yield,quality and economic benefits.There are many problems in protected cultivation of fruit trees in our city,such as improper use of fertilizers,heating too early or too fast of facilities,abnormal germination and flowering,sometimes irregular flowering and low fruit setting rate which can not achieve the purpose of facility cultivation.After three years of cultivation experiments,the key techniques of high quality and high efficiency cultivation of jujube under close planting in Shenmu city were integrated and popularized.The main results are as follows:Graft of jujube by using direct seeding of wild jujube into direct seedlings which root system is well developed and seedlings are neat as well as the rate of survival is high.Deep ploughing before planting will improve soil fertility and promote root growth.Before planting,it is necessary to bake greenhouses at high temperature to effectively prevent diseases and insects.The best time to manage the temperature rise of jujube in facilities is February 1 and the yield increased obviously.Spraying mixture of 15 mg/kg gibberellin and 0.3% urea for 2-3 times during the flowering period of jujube in facilities could significantly improve the fruit setting rate.Repeated picking of heads of jujube can promote the formation of lignified jujube bearing branch on and increased the yield of jujube trees.In the facility,Zao Cui Wang,ShenZao and Winter Jujube were used as experimental materials.and compare with transplanting root seedlings of jujube trees and grafting seedlings of wild jujube,the survival rates of three varieties of Zao Cui Wang,ShenZao and Winter Jujube are all over 90%.The survival rates of Zao Cui Wang,Shen Zao and Winter Jujube were 93%,91% and 94% respectively.Grafting survival rate of jujube root seedlings in the same year was less than 50%,because of the existence of false viability.The survival rates of Zao Cui Wang,ShenZao and Winter Jujube were 46%,37% and 47% respectively.Therefore,direct seeding and grafting of wild jujube was the best choice.The root system of jujube trees was developed,the survival rate was high and the growth trend was unified and manageable.Three-year-old Zao Cui Wang was used as the experimental material in the facility.The yield of Zao Cui Wang was increased as the warming time was delayed,through the management of five different warming periods,namely December 1,December 20,January 1,January 15 and February 1 in the same greenhouse(October 20).The yield of jujube increases 8.66 times on Feb.1 compared with that on Jan.15.Feb.1 is an ideal date for facilities to start temperature management of jujube trees.In the facility,two-year-old Zao Cui Wang,ShenZao and Winter Jujube were used as experimental materials.At the same time,the yield of Zao Cui Wang,ShenZao and Winter Jujube were better in Feberary through five different warming periods namely December 1,December 20,January 1,January 15 and February 1.The yields of Zao Cui Wang,ShenZao and Winter Jujube on February 1 were 9.84,4.66 and 4.11 times higher respectively than those on January 15.Therefore,February 1 was the ideal warming time for facility management of three jujube varieties.