Research On High-yield And Direct-grain Harvesting Technology Of Spring Corn With Plastic Film Mulching In Cold And Arid Areas

The northwestern part of Hebei belongs to the continental monsoon climate.Typical cold and drought areas,low temperature and drought are the key natural factors restricting the yield of spring maize.The mechanization level is not high,especially the spring corn harvest requires a lot of labor costs,which becomes the important factor restricting the economic benefits of spring corn.factor.Plastic film mulching is a widely cultivated spring maize warming and drought-resistant cultivation technique in the cold and arid regions of China.The mulch type and film mulching method have become the research hotspots in recent years.With the advancement of mechanization technology in spring corn production,grain direct harvesting technology is the core of spring corn diet efficiency technology in recent years.In order to study the high-yield and high-efficiency technical system of spring maize in cold and arid areas,the warming and drought-resistant mulching film is used to ensure the normal maturity of spring maize,and the grain direct harvesting technology is used to improve economic benefits.In this paper,the comparison of film type and film mulching method is carried out,and the best film mulching method is preferred.Then the spring maize grain direct cultivar screening and effect evaluation are carried out,and the high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology system of spring maize in cold and arid area is established.The research results are as follows:(1)Different film types and film mulching methods can improve soil moisture content and soil temperature of spring maize farmland,thereby increasing spring maize yield.The annual average water content of black full-film covered spring maize farmland increased by 2.47% compared with the control,the soil temperature increased by 0.61 °C,and the yield increased by 99.5 kg;the annual average moisture content of white full-film covered spring maize farmland increased by 2.44% compared with the control,and the soil temperature increased.At 0.69 ° C,the yield increased by 226.9 kg.The whole film coverage temperature and water retention performance were significantly higher than the half-film coverage.The black film-covered soil had higher water retention effect on spring maize field than white full-film cover,but the black film mainly increased spring maize growth stage(seedling stage and jointing stage).The soil moisture content,and mainly the soil moisture content of 0-40 cm soil layer,the effect of white full-film coverage on the increase of soil moisture content and the increase of deep soil moisture content in the late growth stage of maize is higher than that of black plastic film.The white mulch has better warming effect than the black mulch.The white mulch mainly increases the soil temperature of the spring maize seedling,and the black mulch mainly increases the soil temperature of the late spring maize.However,the black full-film covered spring maize roots and crowns are relatively small.Due to the large winds in the cold and arid regions and the requirement for the lodging resistance of spring maize to the lodging resistance of spring maize,the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of spring maize in this region should use the white film full-film covering technology.(2)Screening for varieties suitable for direct grain collection:According to the screening test of five varieties of Tianfeng 118,Zhongdan 2996,Zhengcheng 018,Ruimei 216 and Zhongyu No.9,Through the determination of grain dehydration rate and grain water content,the water content of Tianfeng 118 at harvest was 28%,The requirements for direct grain harvest(21% to 25%)were not met,and the water content of the other four varieties reached the requirement for direct grain harvest.According to the ear traits such as ear length,ear diameter,ear sag,opening tightness,Zhongyu 9 and Ruimei 216 are suitable for direct grain harvesting;according to the comparison of ear height,plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of spring maize growth traits,Tianfeng 118 and Ruimei 216 are suitable for direct grain harvest.Through the direct collection of mechanical grain,the comprehensive evaluation of the index of seed drop,breakage rate,impurity rate and ear drop rate is becoming 018,and Ruimei 216 is suitable for grain harvesting in this area.The comprehensive yield,growth traits,and machine-receiving traits are more obvious.Zhengcheng 018,Zhongyu No.9 and Ruimei 216 are the varieties of grain that can be promoted in this area.According to the output and labor cost accounting,the direct harvesting by mechanized grain can save 138 yuan/mu compared with the artificial harvest.It can be seen that this area can promote large-area white film-covered grain direct harvesting technology.