| With the implementation of animal welfare in pig production,the breeding environment of the crate is gradually replaced,but the impact of environment at different stages on lactating sows is still unclear.In prsent study,the sows were in a crate or welfare environment during pregnancy and lactation,to determine the effects of environment factor on the behavior and mechanism of sows.In this study,the gilts(L×Y)were selected and randomly assigned welfare type pregnancy × lactation environment(P×P),welfare type pregnancy × crate type lactation environment(P×C),and crate pregnancy environment × crate lactation environment(C×C).The nesting behavior,lactation behavior,and posture changes 3 days after farrowing were observed.And production performance,maternal related physiological indicators and the composition of colostrum and milk were explored.The results were as follows:1.The welfare lactation environment increased the total duration of nest-building time,and the single nest-building time(P<0.01);and also increased the nest-building time in the nesting peak of sows,which was only significant between P×P and C×C(P<0.05).The crate pregnancy environment increased the total length of sitting(P<0.05),the frequency of lateral lying-to-other postures(P<0.01)and vertical lying-to-lateral lying(P<0.05).Pregnancy and lactation environment had no significant effect on the sows response to screamings of piglets.2.The results showed that the delivery interval of P×P sows was significantly shorter than that in the C×C group(P<0.05),and welfare pregnancy and lactation environment could also shorten the delivery time(P×P: 122.25 ±66.66 min;C×C: 177.33± 59.09 min;P×C: 145±50.85 min),however,there is no significant difference between the three groups.The lactation interval of sows in P×P group was significantly lower than that of sows in P×C group(P<0.05).Both the welfare pregnancy and lactation environment could improve the whole milk fat percentage of sows during 2~4 weeks of lactation(P<0.01).However,the welfare lactation environment reduced the whole milk fat percentage of colostrum(P<0.01).Both the welfare pregnancy and lactation environment could improve the content of lactoprotein in ordinary milk of lactating sows(P<0.01),but compared with the content of lactoprotein in colostrum,P×P>C×C>P×C(P<0.01);both the welfare pregnancy and lactation environment could improve the lactose content in ordinary milk of lactating sows(P<0.01),but for the lactose content in the welfare,P×P>C×C>P×C(P<0.05);both the welfare pregnancy and lactation environment could increase the total solids content in normal milk of lactating sows(P<0.01),but reduced the content of total solids in colostrum(P<0.01).3.The welfare pregnancy environment increased the level of oxytocin in the blood of sows before delivery,but there was no significant difference between the groups(P>0.05);there was no significant difference in the content of oxytocin in the blood of sows with different pregnancy and lactation environments before delivery and during 2~4 weeks of lactation(P>0.05);there was no significant correlation between the oxytocin level and the prolactin level in blood of sows and their prenatal nesting behavior.4.Restricted pregnancy and lactation environment increased the duration of lateral lying during 2~4 weeks of lactation(P<0.01)and decreased the duration of vertical lying during 2~4 weeks of lactation(P<0.05).The welfare lactation environment increased the duration of standing or walking behavior of sows during 2~4 weeks of lactation(P<0.05).The welfare lactation environment could meet the need of sows to express maternal behavior,shorten the delivery time of sows and increase the frequency of lactation;in addition,it increased vertical lying,standing and walking while reduced the duration of sitting behavior of sows during 2~4 weeks of lactation.Conclusion:1.The welfare pregnancy environment reduced sitting and the frequency of lateral lying-to-other posture changes and the frequency of sitting-to-vertical lying during 3 days postpartum.2.Both the welfare pregnancy and lactation environment could increase the milk fat.3.lactoprotein lactose and total solids of ordinary milk,while reduce those of colostrum. |
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