Establishment And Application Of Molecular Marker Selection System For Breeding Black Rice Early Japonica Rice Lines

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world and one of the three major crops in the Northeast.More than 65%of the country's population is based on rice.As a large granary in China,Heilongjiang Province's total grain output in the province reached 150.14 billion jin in 2018,of which rice production was 53.71 billion jin.With the rapid development of China's economy,The quality of people's life has improved,food consumption has also changed from the original to the good,and the cultivation of high-nutrient rice varieties has gradually become an important direction of rice breeding.Kongyu131 is the main cultivated japonica rice variety in our province.It has the advantages of early maturity,cold tolerance and high yield.However,with the formation of the concept of“eat rice glutinous rice dumplings”,the air culture 131 with white color of the seed coat gradually lost its competitive advantage in the market,and the black rice with edible and medical value gained more and more love.However,there is currently no unified statement about the genes that form the color of black seed coats.To this end,this study used Nan498,a black seed coat trait,as a donor parent to establish a molecular-assisted selection system for black rice early indica rice lines,and used it to cultivate a modified variety of Kongyu131 with black seed coat shape.The main results of the study are as follows:1.Established the Ra gene and Kala4 gene molecular selection system.2.Predicted the F₃ generation seed phenotype,and the F₂ generation plants were detected by the established Ra gene and Kala4 gene molecular selection system.The detection results were completely consistent with the predicted results,which proved that the established Ra gene and Kala4 gene molecular selection system can be used.Cultivate black rice early indica rice with Kongyu131 as chassis.Using the"Protocol for identification of rice varieties-SSR marker method"?NY/T1433-2014?to detect the difference between the varieties of Nan498 and Kongyu131,and use 10 markers with differences as markers for background detection.3.The hybrids of Kongyu131 and Nan498 were carried out,and the F₁ plants were identified for authentic hybrids,the pseudo hybrids were eliminated,and the hybrids were crossed with the Kongyu131 to obtain the BC₁F₁ plants,using the established Ra gene and Kala4 gene molecular selection system was used to identify and select BC₁F₁plants,and the candidate plants were tested for background using the selected SSR markers.The candidate plants with less differences were backcrossed with Kongyu131to obtain BC₂F₁ plants.4.According to the different shades of black,the anthocyanins were extracted and the content of anthocyanins was determined.The results showed that the anthocyanin content in the seed coat was closely related to the color depth of the seed coat.The higher the anthocyanin content.