| Most mining areas in my country are basically located in some arid and semi-arid ecologically fragile and sensitive areas.However,coal resources are still the most highly utilized fossil fuel in my country and the world,and play a major role in social and economic development.In the process of coal mining,coal mining enterprises will simultaneously output and discharge a lot of coal gangue that has no use value,thus forming a lot of waste gangue in the mining area.The formation of gangue wasteland has caused great damage and threat to the natural environment,and at the same time,it has also occupied the already scarce available land resources in my country.Due to its special nature,coal gangue is exposed to the surface for a long time.Under the action of multiple factors such as wind,rainfall,and human activities,it will cause serious pollution and damage to air,groundwater resources,soil and other resources available for human use.Therefore,it is imperative to artificially recover waste rock waste.Through its ecological recovery and research,a large number of recovery theories and data have been obtained,which lays the foundation for the widespread promotion of ecological recovery of waste rock waste land and the improvement of the ecological environment in mining areas.In this study,based on the research object of gangue afforestation land in Qingling Forest Farm belonging to Hegang Green Forest Industry Co.,Ltd.in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province,on-site vegetation survey and on-site matrix were carried out on 4 pure Pinus sylvestris var.Sampling,the matrix nutrient,water content,testing,analysis of relevant indicators and other methods have obtained a large number of true and reliable theoretical data,mainly from the restoration status of the Pinus sylvestris var.The physical and chemical properties of the substrate and other aspects of the study were used to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of fertility recovery and vegetation restoration of the original waste rock waste matrix under the restoration of pure Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest in Hegang area.The main findings are as follows:(1)In the restoration mode of pure Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest,the longer the recovery time,the water content of the substrate gradually increases,and the upper layer changes more significantly than the lower layer.The p H of the substrate gradually develops from the strong alkaline before recovery to the neutral direction.The recovery effects are: recovery for 28 years> recovery for 18 years> recovery for 16 years> recovery for 14 years.(2)With the increase of restoration time,in the restoration area of pure Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest,the biomass of the restoration area,the growth height of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,DBH,vegetation coverage,and species richness are all positively correlated with the restoration time.(3)Under the restoration model of pure Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium,and available potassium in the substrate have been generally increased with the increase of recovery time.The organic matter content,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,and available phosphorus in the upper layer of the matrix other than total potassium and available potassium were higher than those in the lower layer.(4)Under the restoration mode of pure Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest,the comprehensive fertility status of the substrate is proportional to the recovery time.The longer the recovery time,the better the substrate fertility status.This shows that although the restoration method of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica pure forest restoration model is relatively simple,as a pioneer species,the recovery effect on waste gangue wasteland is still outstanding,and it can be widely used in the waste recovery of gangue in several large mining areas in Heilongjiang. |
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