| Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an edible medicinal plant in China.Selenium,especially organic selenium,is one of key nutrients essential to human body.Se-enriched Chrysanthemum morifolium(SeCM)is a potential selenium supplement.In this study,the SeCM produced in Jianchi Town.Hanyin County,Ankang City,was used as the research material.Referring to the traditional health care theory,the nutritional composition,physiological activity and food safety of SeCM were evaluated.The antioxidant and anti-aging effects of SeCM were explored through in vitro and in vivo antioxidant experiments and model organism Drosophila melanogaster experiments.The quality standard of substitute tea made of SeCM was established by analyzing the nutritional components and hygienic indexes of-SeCM,which could provide reference for the development of SeCM resources and the development of new functional foods.The main results are as follows:1.Nutrient composition,chemical composition and heavy metal content of five kinds of Chrysanthemum including SeCM have been analyzed.The results showed that the selenium content of SeCM was 0.4202 ?g/g,which is significantly higher than that of the other four flowers,which had a certain theoretical guidance for the screening of experimental materials.The comparison of other components of five flowers showed that moistrue content of Coreopsis tinctoria(CT)was the highest(P<0.05),ash content of Traditional Chrysanthemum morifolium(TCM)was the highest(P<0.05),crude fat content of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv.'Jinsiju'(JCM)was the highest(P<0.05).total protein content of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv.'Xiangju'(XCM)was the highest(P<0.05),and gluten content of SeCM was highest.(P<0.05);the essential amino acid contents of the five flowers were also different.The essential amino acid content,chemical and amino acid scores of SeCM were the highest,indicating that the amino acid composition of SeCM was reasonable and has high utilization value.3-caffeoylquinic acid,4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid,luteolin,apigenin,linarin,luteolin,apigenin,diosmetin and acacetin of five kinds of flowers have been identified and quantified.Among them,content of two flavonoids,luteolin and apigenin,was the highest(P<0.05),followed by 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid.Cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)were not detected in any of the five flowers,copper(Cu),arsenic(As)and lead(Pb)were 13.250?20.875 ?g/g,0.000?0.087 ?g/g,0.375?1.038 ?/g,respectively.2.Free radical scavenging test in vitro was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of five kinds of Chrysanthemum.The hypoglycemic activity of SeCM was investigated by inhibition test of a-amylase and a-glucosidase.Among the selected flowers,the aqueous extract of SeCM had stronger antioxidant activity than other flowers(P<0.05);SeCM had stronger inhibitory effect on the activities of ?-amylase and a-glucosidase than other four flowers,and its inhibitory effect on a-glucosidase was stronger than that of a-amylase.3.The in vivo antioxidant activity of Drosophila melanogaster and the effects of SeCM on antioxidant defense related gene expression and longevity were compared.The effect of SeCM aqueous extract on the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster mainly focused on its interaction with antioxidant defense related genes such as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn-SOD),manganese superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD)and catalase(CAT).The results showed that the medium containing 10 mg/mL SeCM aqueous extract could significantly prolong the average life span of D.melanogaster by 19.91%.Meanwhile,the activities of SOD and CAT in D.melanogaster increased,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)decreased.This may be related to the up-regulation of SOD,CAT and MDA in D.melanogaster by SeCM.Therefore,SeCM aqueous extract is most likely to achieve its longevity-prolonging activity by regulating the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD,Mn-SOD and CAT genes in D.melanogaster.4.Hygienic tests were carried out on SeCM produced in Hanyin County,Ankang City,including 13 indicators such as selenium content,moisture,ash,some pesticides,heavy metals,etc.15 batches of SeCM samples were tested and analyzed,and the quality standard of SeCM substitute tea was established and implemented. |
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