Space Debris Detection And Real-time Processing System Based On SCMOS Camera

Space debris detection and real-time processing systems in complex starry sky backgrounds provides security for a variety of space missions,so it has always been the focus of research on aerospace safety in various countries.The aerospace industry is in a period of rapid development in our country,so the demand for space debris detection and processing is growing fast.Image sensors used in cameras are classified into CCD sensor and CMOS sensor,so cameras can be classified into two types:CCD camera and CMOS camera.CCD camera is widely used in astronomical observations because its higher quantum efficiency and smaller readout noise than CMOS camera for a long time.With the development of technology,there are more and more sCMOS image sensor with high quantum efficiency,low readout noise,simple structure and high cost-effectiveness,so sCMOS cameras are gradually being used for astronomical observation.A space debris detection and real-time processing system based on sCMOS image sensor is designed and made in this thesis,because of the complex structure and low cost of the CCD camera.The space debris detection and real-time processing system based on sCMOS camera consists of an optical part,a mechanical part,and an electronics part.Electronics part is introduced in this thesis,mainly about hardware circuit design,algorithm design,software design and debugging.This system use FPGA for camera control and DSP for image processing.The hardware circuit is divided into focal panel,control panel and image processing panel.The focal panel is responsible for converting optical signal to digital signal,the control panel is responsible for controling camera,and the image processing board is responsible for processing images.Components is determined through the functional analysis.After that,the circuit design work for each part is completed.Finally,printed circuit board is designed according to the hardware circuit.In the aspect of algorithm,the mainstream algorithms about moving target detection and star map recognition are introduced at first.Then the moving target detection algorithm and star map matching algorithm adopted by the system are introduced.The feasibility of the algorithms used in this system are verified by the experimental data.Software design is divided into two parts,FPGA main control software and DSP image processing software.The FPGA main control software is designed by the camera control function such as image sensor timing generation,image sensor configuration and data forwarding.And the DSP image processing software is designed by the moving target detection algorithm and star map matching algorithm.At the end of the thesis,the work I have done in software and hardware debugging is introduced.The hardware circuit is debugged when the components are fixed.When ensure the hardware circuit is correct,the camera control softerware and image processing softerware are debugged.Finally,the key nodes and DSP image processing software were tested and the test result prove that the system can run normally.