Research On The Direct/indirect Use Of Expired Waste Drug Oxytetracycline As Negative Electrode Material For Lithium-ion Batteries

With the wide application of lithium ion battery(LIB),more and more attention has been paid to the research of high performance and low-cost electrode materials.In addition to the synthesis from commercial chemical reagents,the recovery and extraction of LIB electrode materials from waste resources have become hotspots in current research and development of electrode materials.With the rising level of medical care and people’s increasing attention to health,there are a large number of expired waste drugs both in medical institutions and household reserves.Because of these expired antibiotics into the environment by improper disposal,the harm to the ecological environment has attracted much attention.Current disposal methods are difficult to obtain economic benefits,and traditional centralized destruction methods are difficult to sustain because of high cost and low efficiency.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore a way to recycle and reutilize the expired waste drugs in order to reduce the pressure on the ecological environment caused by outdated drugs,and realize the rational application of waste resources,which is in line with the purpose of sustainable development.For this reason,this paper took expired waste oxytetracycline as an example and explored the feasibility of using oxytetracycline as anode material for LIB with direct and indirect strategies.The main research contents include the following aspects:Firstly,the expired waste oxytetracycline was directly used as anode electrode material for LIB.The micro-morphology,chemical composition and crystal structure of expired oxytetracycline were detected by SEM,EDX,FTIR,XPS and XRD.The results showed that the main component of expired waste oxytetracycline did not change significantly although the drugs used had expired.By directly using the waste expired oxytetracycline as the anode material in LIB,the reversible specific capacity of the electrode could reach about 200 mAh/g at 50 mA/g.Moreover,it showed good rate performances under different current densities,and the cycle performance was stable under high current densities.Although the direct strategy is aimed at the expired waste drug with lithium storage activity,the method is simple and effective,the cost of recycling process is low,and the utilization rate of waste drug is high.Secondly,an indirect strategy was used to recover carbon materials from obsolete waste drug oxytetracycline by hydrothermal and high temperature carbonization as anode active materials for LIB.SEM,EDX,FTIR,XPS and XRD were used to characterize the morphology,chemical composition and crystal structure of the derived carbon.The results showed that the obtained carbon material was disordered carbon with microspheres containing a small amount of oxygen functional groups.The reversible specific capacity of expired oxytetracycline-derived carbon electrode was about 445 mAh/g at 50 mA/g.expired-oxytetracycline-derived carbon electrodes also had good rate performance and cyclic stability due to the good conductivity of carbon materials and orderly micro-morphology.Although the indirect strategy requires a certain preparation process accompanying energy consumption,the products have a wider range of applications.It also has high application potential for those expired organic waste drugs with high carbon content.