Nanoparticles And Hydrogels Composed Of Serum Proteins Are Used For The Transport Of Ruthenium Polypyridine

To reduce the mortality induced by cancer,scientists had developed a variety of anticancer drugs.The discovery of cis-platinum that could be used as anticancer drug had greatly promoted the research on the platinum complexes,which resulted in the widely used of platinum complexes to cure the cancer clinically.However,there are lots of side effects such as nephrotoxicity,neurotoxicity and drug resistance when platinum complexes were used in the therapy of cancer,which made people focus their attention to develop other anticancer drugs that own better therapeutic effects than platinum complexes but less side effects.The ruthenium complex that belongs to platinum group has stable chemical structure and remarkable physicochemical properties,which has potential to become an outstanding anticancer drug.Ruthenium complex has a six-coordinated with octahedron structure and the alterability of its ligands makes it suitable for many designs.However,ruthenium complex has poor biocompatibility and targeting to cells,which limit the application of ruthenium complex to be used as an anticancer drug.We can use nano-materials to support ruthenium complexes,by using nano-materials with excellent properties such as size,morphology,surface charge controllability and larger specific surface,we can construct nano-drug-loading systems with good selectivity,which complement the defects of small molecule Ru complexes.In this study,we designed a novel Ru-BSA hydrogel,which was a degradable material in biological system.The Ru-BSA hydrogel exhibited strong luminescence and was used for cell imaging.Interestingly,we observed that the green luminescence in the lysosome was from BSA of the degraded Ru-BSA hydrogel,and the red luminescence in the mitochondria was from the released Ru complex of the degraded Ru-BSA hydrogel.The result meant that the Ru complex could be released after Ru-BSA degradation in the living cells.Furthermore,the Ru-BSA hydrogel exhibited greatly enhanced anti-cancer activity.In addition,inspired by the diatom structure,we synthesized a diatom-structured nanocarrier for transporting polypyridine ruthenium compounds.The Ru-HSA/SiO₂ drug delivery system modifies the surface of a single HSA particle with a layer of silica particles,forming a core-satellites structure.The Ru-HSANP particles were coated with silica to effectively slow down the release of Ru compounds from the carrier.By controlling the amount of TEOS and ammonia in the silicification process,the size and content of surface silicon particles can be effectively controlled,and the release rate of Ru complex can be adjusted by the silicon content on the surface of particles.The experimental results also showed that the carrier had little effect on the fluorescence of Ru when the fluorescent Ru complex was loaded into HSA/SiO₂,and the photosensitivity of Ru was weakened when the photosensitive Ru was loaded into HSA/SiO₂.The more the content of silicon dioxide on the surface of particles,the weaker the photosensitivity.Using this strategy,we can protect the photosensitive substance by coating with silicon dioxide.