| Today,environmental pollution has the most direct and serious impact on human health.Water pollution has affected one-third of the world’s total population.Heavy metal pollution and pesticide pollution in water have become a threat to human health.This article selects one of the most toxic heavy metals and the most widely used deltamethrin in pesticides as experimental drugs.And zebrafish with small size,large egg size,short reproductive cycle and easy breeding,rapid development and many other advantages was selected as a test organism.The purpose is to explore the changes in zebrafish metabolism under toxic effects.The experimental results show:1、Thallium inhibits the oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide excretion rate of zebrafish,and the inhibition of oxygen consumption rate is more significant.Moreover,thallium nitrate significantly increases the ammonia nitrogen excretion rate of zebrafish.Compared with the control group(586.90±111.94mg/kg/h),there was a significant difference in the oxygen consumption rate of the zebrafish in the thallium exposure group(260.46±87.73 mg/kg/h)(p<0.001).The effect of lanthanum nitrate on the carbon dioxide excretion rate of zebrafish was also observed,but the difference in carbon dioxide excretion rate between the experimental group(90.68 ± 64.56 mg/kg/h)and the control group(107.51 ± 94.93 mg/kg/h)was not significant as oxygen consumption rate(p < 0.01).Compared with the control group,the ammonia nitrogen excretion rate of the zebrafish in the thallium treatment group increased significantly,and the increase was larger,from 238.51±168.34 mg/kg/h in the control group to 435.01±227.44 mg/kg/h in the experimental group.(p < 0.001).2 、 The respiratory entropy of the zebrafish of the thallium treatment group increased rapidly from the 10 th day,indicating that thallium producting delayed toxic effect on the respiratory entropy of the zebrafish after 10 days of thallium accumulation in the organism.In the control group,the respiratory entropy of the zebrafish was generally stable within 360 hours,and the zebrafish respiratory entropy varied from 0.02 to 0.67 during the experiment.However,respiratory entropy of the zebrafish in the thallium nitrate treatment group varied from 0.03 to 1.14.And in the control group,the ammonia entropy value of the zebrafish remained stable within 360 hours,ranging from 0.03 to 2.2.However,the ammonia entropy of zebrafish in the thallium nitrate treatment group ranged from 0.32 to 9.32.The ammonia entropy increased rapidly from about 144 hours,indicating that the ammonia entropy of zebrafish began to produce toxic effects at about 144 hours.3 、 Deltamethrin inhibited the oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide excretion rate of zebrafish,and promoted the ammonia nitrogen excretion rate of zebrafish.Compared with the control group(480.32±153.72 mg/kg/h),the oxygen consumption rate of zebrafish in the 0.1 TU deltamethrin exposure group(353.60±111.36 mg/kg/h)and the 10% surface water deltamethrin exposure group(324.90±134.84 mg/kg/h)was significantly different(p<0.001).And with the increase of deltamethrin concentration,the zebrafish oxygen consumption rate also increased.The effect of deltamethrin on the carbon dioxide excretion rate of zebrafish was also observed.Compared with the control group(134.26±72.59 mg/kg/h),the carbon dioxide excretion rate of the zebrafish in the experimental group was significantly inhibited(p <0.001).However,unlike the oxygen consumption rate,the low concentration(0.1 TU)of deltamethrin exposure inhibited the zebrafish carbon dioxide excretion rate(52.35±39.40 mg/kg/h)stronger than the high concentration(10% surface water).Compared with the control group,the ammonia nitrogen excretion rate of the zebrafish in the deltamethrin treated group increased significantly,and the increase was larger.With the increase of deltamethrin concentration,the ammonia nitrogen excretion rate of zebrafish increased from 252.79±128.35 mg/kg/h in the control group to 303.15±129.58 mg/kg/h in the 0.1 TU deltamethrin treated group(p < 0.001),which in turn increased to 378.56 ± 198.29 mg/kg/h in the 10% surface water deltamethrin treated group.4.Deltamethrin caused a rapid increase in the respiratory entropy and ammonia entropy of zebrafish.In the control group,the respiratory entropy of the zebrafish was generally stable within 240 hours,and the zebrafish respiratory entropy varied from 0.05 to 0.73 during the experiment.The ammonia entropy value of the zebrafish remained stable for 240 hours,ranging from 0.19 to 2.64.However,respiratory entropy of the zebrafish in the 0.1 TU deltamethrin treated group was ranging from 0.05 to 0.86,and the ammonia entropy of zebrafish was ranging from 0.38 to 5.71.The respiratory entropy of zebrafish in the 10% surface water deltamethrin-treated group ranged from 0.07 to 0.93,and the ammonia entropy ranged from 0.18 to 9.92.5.Since the oxygen consumption rate has the advantages of accurate in situ measurement,high resolution and no gas extraction,the oxygen consumption rate will be a useful monitoring indicator for presenting physiological stress levels.However,relying solely on the oxygen consumption rate,it is impossible to accurately and comprehensively assess the total amount of gas produced during the entire metabolic process caused by physiological stress in the biological.Therefore,in addition to the oxygen consumption rate,the determination of carbon dioxide excretion rate will be a good supplement program to evaluate metabolism.At the same time,while the zebrafish exchange gas,ammonia nitrogen is also excreted through the fish gills.The zebrafish metabolic can be further analyzed by studying the ammonia nitrogen excretion rate of zebrafish.Therefore,the indicator of ammonia nitrogen excretion rate should also be an important indicator of metabolism.In summary,the zebrafish oxygen consumption rate,carbon dioxide excretion rate,ammonia nitrogen excretion rate can be used as three indicators to characterize metabolism,and further explore the changes in zebrafish metabolism under toxic effects.And through real-time online monitoring of zebrafish metabolic indicators,the goal of using biomass to monitor water quality can be achieved. |
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