| People use unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to complete their daily lives and work in more and more fields.However,the operation of the new type of equipment is still not proficient for operators,resulting in frequent accidents with UAVs.In order to improve the safe operation of UAVs,people involved in this fields made various suggestions.Among them,improving human-computer interface is one of effective strategies to ensure aviation safety.The ground control station is made up of a variety of human-computer interaction interfaces in which the UAV operators perform various operations to control the aircrafts.The interface about the flight attitude display is a particularly important display system for various operations.In the meantime,past researchers thought that abnormal flight attitude was one of the important factors that caused aviation accidents.Therefore,this study will focus on the flight attitude operation of UAV operators,and regard the operator's operation of restoring the abnormal flight attitude as the standard for evaluating the attitude display interface.We began the empirical researches to explore the flight attitude display interface from the perspective of ergonomics and use the psychology theories to analyze the inherent principles of various flight attitude display interfaces which have the advantages.The relevant experiments in this study were measured in two major groups(flying cadets and ordinary college students)with or without flight experience.In the first experiment,the influence of the reference frame(Moving Airplane,Moving Horizon)on the recovery of the abnormal flight attitude in the flight attitude interface was divided into two parts.The first part,we used the online evaluation system to investigate the difference of two groups who had different experiences to recovery the abnormal flight attitude,while the second part,we used the E-prime program to further explore the common effect of the reference frame and the abnormal attitude angle on the recovery of the abnormal operation of the flight attitude.The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the two reference frames.The experiment 2 added a new display format on the basis of Experiment 1,and explored the combined influence of two reference frames including Moving Airplane(MA),Moving Horizon(MH)and three display formats including conditional display formats(cCON),command display formats(CMD)and pictorial display formats(PAS)on the opration of recovering the abnormal flight attitude,so as to get the most advantageous assembling file.On the one hand,we investigated the difference of recovering the abnormal flight attitude for two flight experience groups in six kinds of assembling files;On the other hand,we explore further and detailed the influence of the reference frames,display format and abnormal attitude angles on the operation of the recovery of abnormal flight attitudes so as to get the most optimized scheme of attitude display interface eventually.In the experiment 3,we no longer used the single display styles which adopted by the above experiments,and we needed to disscuss whether the PAS display format had the subjective advantages.Therefore,we adopted a design scheme that presents a variety of display formats with the successive time,that is a new display way to present the CON display format and the PAS display format.By comparing the subjects' difference of the operation of recovering abnormal flight attitudes in the single display formats(CON display format or PAS display format)and the successive display format(the CON-PAS-CON display format or the PAS-CON-PAS display format)so as to explore the best presentation plan of flight attitude.The results of experiment 1(a)showed that there were significant differences in the total reaction durations of reference frames,and there were also significant differences in the total reaction durations of two groups.The response time of experiment 1(b)showed that the main effect of the reference frame was not significant,the main effect of the rotation angle was significantly different,and the interaction between the reference frame and the rotation angle was significant.The correct number results indicatde that the main effects of the reference frame and the rotation angle were significant,and the interaction between the reference frame and the rotation angle was significant.The total reaction duration of experiment 2(a)showed that the main effects of the display format and the reference frame were significant;the total reaction duration of the different experience participants also had significant differences,and the interaction between the display format and the reference frame was significant.The total reaction duration results showed that the main effects of the six flight attitudes were significant.The response time of experiment 2(b)showed that the main effect of the rotation angle was significant.In addition,the interaction between the display format and the reference frame was significant,and the interaction between the reference frame and the rotation angle was significant.The correct number results showed that the main effects of the display format and the reference frame were significant,and the main effect of the rotation angle was significant,and the interaction between the display format and the reference frame,the display format and the rotation angle,and the reference frame and the rotation,angle was significant.The results of experiment 3 showed that the main effects of the four sequential display formats were significant,and the main effects of the response time differences were significant.The following conclusions are drawn from the above experiments.(1)for the experience of UAV operations,although the flight experience level will affect the operation of recovering the flight attitudes,but the experience does not have an inconsistent impact the reference frames and display formats.Good flight attitude display interface can be used by UAV operators with various experience levels.(2)for the reference frames(MA and MH),the advantage of MA reference frame is to improve the response time of UAV operators,and the advantage of MH reference frame is to improve the correct recovery number of UAV operators.In addition,when the vehicle is often in a large angle inverted attitude,the MA reference frame is more conducive to the rapid recovery of abnormal flight formats.The MH reference frame is more suitable for the flight attitude display interface of UAVs which is often at a small angle and non-inverted attitude.(3)for the display Formats,compared with the conventional display format(CON),the new display formats(CMD,PAS)has a certain degree of superiority,which is consistent with the theoretical basis of psychology.(4)There are a variety of adaptation schemes between the reference frames and the display formats.The effective flight attitude display interfaces are CMD-MA,CMD-MH,PAS-MA and CON-MA.(5)Compared with the single display formats,there are operational advantages in the successive display formats.The most dominant display format is PAS-CON-PAS display format. |
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