Research On The Determination Of Prostate Specific Antigen Based On Gold Nanocomposite Materials

In recent years,nanotechnology has initiated a new technological revolution,which has produced great development in the process of nano-biological sensing.By adjusting the shapes,dimensions,and sizes of nanomaterials,bioconjugation can be easily performed with different biomolecules.And nanosensors with desired properties can be developed using their unique electrochemical,catalytic,and optical properties,thereby selectively increasing the sensitivity of the developed biosensors.The common nanomaterials are lamellar materials,noble metal nanoparticles,oxide nanoparticles,etc,which are widely used in the construction of nano-biosensors due to their advantages of good biocompatibility,large specific surface area,good stability,convenient surface functionalization.Therefore,Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Au?MNCPs?and GO-AuNRs nanocomposites were synthesized for the detection of prostate-specific antigen in this study.The article includes three parts:Part one:IntroductionFirstly,the nanomaterials was briefly summarized,and the common noble metal nanoparticles,oxide nanomaterials and graphene oxide nanomaterials were detailedly introduced.Secondly,the sensing methods of common biomolecules are introduced.Finally,the purpose and significance of this paper were briefly studied.Part two:A novel peptide/MNCPs nanocomposite-based fluorescence biosensor for the highly selective and sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen?PSA?.Prostate cancer is a fairly common malignancy with mortality rates ranked second out of various cancers in men.Early and precise diagnosis of tumor biomarkers will be of great help for the cancer therapy.However,the levels of tumor biomarkers are often remarkably low in biological samples obtained from patients during early disease progression,leading to fail to monitor a patient's tumor biomarkers of true level.PSA is the preferred marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Therefore,the development of a highly sensitive and specific PSA detection method will be of great significance in clinical diagnosis.This chapter is based on peptide/MNCPs-based fluorescence biosensor for the highly sensitive detection of PSA.The biosensor was made by self-organizing FAM-peptides onto the surface of magnetic MNCPs,resulting in efficient quenching of the FAM fluorescence.When the PSA was added,the PSA specifically recognized and cleaved the FAM-peptides,leading to the fluorescence recovery of FAM-peptides.Therefore,the PSA can be quantitatively measured based on the recovered fluorescence intensity.The peptide/MNCPs-based fluorescence biosensor measure a wide range of concentrations of PSA,from 1.0x10-12 to 1.Ox10-9 g/mL,with a limit of detection?LOD?of 3.0x10-13 g/mL in both standard solutions and serum samples,demonstrating the utility of this biosensor platform for use in clinical and biological assays.Part three:A sensitive peptide/GO-AuNRs nanocomposite-based fluorescence biosensor for the highly selective detection of prostate-specific antigen.As a new platform for nano-biotechnology and biomedicine,AuNRs has attracted great interest due to the simple surface biological coupling with molecular probes,which has high fluorescence quenching capabilities similar to AuNPs.GO-AuNRs of this chapter is used as a fluorescence quenching material due to the simple synthesis and preparation.The biosensor was made by self-organizing FAM-peptides on the surface of GO-AuNRs,resulting in quenching of the FAM fluorescence.Upon addition of PSA,the PSA specifically recognized and cleaved the FAM-peptides,leading to the fluorescence recovery.Therefore,PSA can be quantitatively detected based on changes in fluorescence intensity.The detection limit of this biosensor was 2.3×10^-13 g/mL in the 5×10^-13-5x10^-10 g/mL,and the intra-batch and inter-batch CV was less than 4.3%?n = 6?and 8.3%?n = 6?,indicating the great potential of this biosensor platform in the clinical field.