Preparation And Evaluation Of Heavy Oil Polymer Bifunctional Hydrothermal Catalytic Upgrading Catalyst

High density and high viscosity of heavy oil have caused great difficulty in heavy oil recovery and transportation.At present,the main methods of viscosity reduction include Dilution/Blending,Heating,Emulsification,Pour point reduction,Friction redction and Uprading.Among these methods Upgrading can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil nonreversibly,which is an excellent advantage.Catalytic aquathermolysis,one of Upgrading,can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil underground to benefit the Heavy Oil Recovery and Transportation.Catalytic aquathermolysis is a hot topic,and its main research direction is the catalysts,which includes mineral,water-soluble catalyst,oil-soluble catalyst and dispersed catalyst.In this paper,the high molecule polymer respectively combined with Cu2+,Fe2+,Ni2+,Mn2+ and Zn2+ were synthesized.And the optimal catalyst MACCu were selected by the catalytic aquathermolysis of Lukeqin heavy oil under the condition of 24h reaction time,240 ? reaction temperature,1:1 water/oil ratio.The optimal ratio of the functional groups in the molecule is 2X,which is selected under the same condition.The optimal condition of using MAC2XCu in the catalytic aquathermolysis of Lukeqin heavy oil is that:the optimal dosage of MACCu=0.18%,the optimal temperature=250?,the optimal water/oil ratio=0.4 and the optimal time= 30h.Under the optimal condition,the viscosity of heavy oil decreased from 11300 mPa s to 3080mPa s with the viscosity reduction of 72.74%.The saturated fraction and the aromatic fraction of heavy oil were increased by 7.49%and 4.28%,respectively.And the resin and the asphaltene were decreased by 9.88%and 1.99%,respectively.The physical viscosity reduction of MAC2XCu was proved.The catalytic mechanism of MAC2XCu was deduced according to the results of analysis of the changes of the properties of heavy oil content,acid value and tail gas.MAC2XCu can loosen the overlapping packing structure of the resins and asphaltenes,and make the Cu2+ contact with the resin and asphaltene more easily.When the temperature rises to the reaction temperature,the Cu2+ can catalyze the cracking reactions of side chain,aromatic system and the bonds with low bond energy such as C-S bonds in the resin and asphaltene,resulting the increase of saturated fraction and aromatic fraction in heavy oil,sulfur-contents and CO2.etc.in tail gas.At the same time,some saturated fraction cracked into some hydrocarbon with lower molecule weight.