| Termites are primitive social insects and important economic insects.Among them,Odontotermes(Isoptera:Termitidae)belongs to the Macrotermitinae which has the habit of cultivating fungi,and is a "bacterial termite".Even though individual species of Odontotermes are harmful to human and environment,most of them are important decomposers in ecosystems,and have extremely high nutritional value for humans.So they are important resource insects.There are abundant Odontotermes in China,but the classification of Odontotermes germplasm resources has yet to be determined,and the basic data of nutritional value needs to be improved.Therefore,this study mainly analyzes the genetic diversity of Odontotermes in South China and surrounding areas,studies the population genetic differentiation of the primary species-the odontotermes formosanus(O.formosanus).And comparative analysis of nutrient components of termite between different treatments based on Metabolomics product data.The study for laying a foundation for the comprehensive utilization of odontotermes germplasm resources.The main study results are as follows:1.Phylogenetic analysis of Odontotermes was analyzed based on mitochondrial gene COII,16S Rrna.The COII gene was better to reflect the interspecific relationship between Odontotermes compared with 16S rRNA gene.The COII gene indicates that the odontotermes gravelyi(O.gravelyi)are closely related to the odontotermes angustignathus(O.angustignathus)in family ties.COII and 16S rRNA gene also indicates that odontotermes javanicus(O.javanicus)may be a new record species of odontotermes in China Odontotermes luoyangensis(O.luoyangensis),odontotermes luoyangensis(O.luyangensis)and odontotermes formosanus(O.formosanus)may be different names of the same species.Odontotermes pujianensis(O.pujianensis)and Odontotermes dimorphus(O.dimorphus)are closely related to the O.formosaaus.2.Genetic differentiation of O.formosanus populations in South China and surrounding areas were analyzed based on mitochondrial gene COII and 16S rRNA.The population of O.formosanus in Yunnan Province was differentiated,but it is not obvious.the COII gene could be used to distinguish different geographical populations of O.formosanus.Compared with 16S rRNA,the COII gene was better to reflect the genetic differences within different geographical populations of O.formosanus.In addition,the genetic differentiation of the O.formosanus in Japan and China is relatively large.3.The metabolomics of liquid nitrogen(TL)and lyophilization(TD)of O.formosanus were detected.And analyzing the effect of freeze-drying treatment on the content of nutrients in Odontotermes based on HILIC UHPLC-Q-TOF MS.Results are as follows:(1)There are 26 kinds of amino acids and their derivatives,of which 23 kinds of amino acids and their derivatives are up-regulated;(2)O.formosanus liquid nitrogen(TL)and freeze-dried(TD)are medium-length After detection of chain fatty acids.After the detection of medium and long-chain fatty acids in liquid nitrogen(TL)and lyophilized(TD)of O.formosanus,which 19 medium-long-chain fatty acids were up-regulated.Among them,monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)accounted for 26.3%of the detected fatty acids,saturated fatty acids(SFA)accounted for 75%,and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)accounted for 26.3%.(3)There were 144 significant differences in metabolites in non-target detection of liquid nitrogen(TL)and lyophilized(TD)in O.formosanus.Among them,there were 111 significant differential metabolites up-regulated in the TDf group compared with the TLf group(27 amino acids,41 organic acids,6 biogenic amines,4 sugars,3 vitamins,3 phenols,1 ester and The other 28 compounds),and 33 significant differential metabolites were down-regulated.The process was involved with some metabolic pathways including central carbon atom metabolism,ABC transporter,protein digestion and absorption,amino acid-tRNA biosynthesis,mineral absorption and so on.Based on metabolite composition analysis,O.formosanus have higher nutritional value,and lyophilization is more conducive to transportation and preservation.4.Based on HILIC UHPLC-Q-TOF MS,testing metabolomics data of Macrotermes barneyi(M.barneyi)Liquid Nitrogen(ML)and O.formosanus Liquid Nitrogen(TL)Metabolism,and analyzing the difference in nutritional value between the two species of cultivating termite.The results showed that:(1)there are 26 kinds of amino acids and two amino acid derivatives of choline and putrescine,14 kinds of which are up-regulated;(2)After Fatty acid testing,liquid nitrogen of M.barneyi(ML)and O.formosanus(TL)were found to be up-regulated by 14 fatty acids among the 20 medium-long-chain fatty acids detected:6 saturated fatty acids.(SFA),4 monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA),4 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA);(3)A total of 171 significant differential metabolites were found after non-target detection with liquid nitrogen of(ML)and liquid nitrogen of O.formosanus(TL).There were 106 significant differential metabolites were Up-regulated and 65 significant differential metabolites down-regulated.Among them,significant up-regulation of differential metabolites includes:38 amino acids,16 organic acids,3 sugars,4 biogenic amines,2 vitamins,12 fatty acids,and 31 other metabolites.The metabolic pathways involved are:purine metabolism,ABC transporter,central carbon atom metabolism,protein digestion and absorption,and amino acid-tRNA biosynthesis.The nutrients of different termite species are different.In terms of sugars and amino acids,the O.formosanus are superior to the M.barneyi. |
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