The Influence Of Firm's Behavior Of Export On Environmental Quality:Based On The Theory Of Firm's Heterogeneity

As one of the troika driving economic growth,export plays an important role in promoting China's economic growth.According to the National Bureau of Statistics,from 1978 to 2016,the total volume of imports and exports of goods has risen from 35.5 billion yuan to 24.55 trillion yuan.Net exports increased from-1.98 billion yuan to 3.68 trillion yuan.At the same time,the gross domestic product has increased from 367.87 billion yuan to 74.114 trillion yuan,with an average annual growth rate of 9.7 percent.However,while the import and export trade and the whole economy are growing rapidly,resource consumption and environmental pollution in China are under great pressure,especially in 2013,the large-scale outbreak of haze weather in China has fully revealed the severity of environmental pollution and ecological fragility in China.At present,there is a lot of controversy about the impact of trade on environmental quality,which can be divided into three kinds of views,namely,positive effect,negative effect and comprehensive effect.Therefore,there is no unified view yet.In addition,most of the studies on the impact of trade on the environment are focused on the national,provincial,municipal and other macro-level,involving less micro-enterprises,and most of them are focused on foreign firms.As a basic unit of society,enterprises are both the main body of trade,playing the role of stimulating economic growth,and also the main producers of environmental pollution.The importance of good corporate behavior to environmental quality is self-evident.The Party attaches great importance to the issue of environmental pollution,and 19th CPC National Congress's report raised pollution prevention and control to the national strategy,emphasizing once again that "green water and green mountains are Jinshan and silver mountains." therefore,against this historical background,This paper attempts to explain the influence of enterprise behavior of export on environmental quality from the perspective of enterprise's heterogeneity,which is of great significance both in theory and in reality.First of all,on the theoretical level,combing with the research of domestic and foreign scholars,we combs the research of heterogeneous enterprises,the impact of trade on the environment and the relationship between enterprises and environment.Then,we take Melitz(2003)'s extended model of enterprise's heterogeneity as the theoretical framework of this paper by joining the investment in abatement and pollution emission intensity,establishing a model of monopoly competition between the two countries in an open economy,and putting forward four propositions:(1)the higher the productivity of enterprises,the more investment in abatement;(2)exporters invest more in abatement than non-exporters;(3)the higher the productivity of enterprises,the lower the pollution emission intensity;(4)Exporters have lower pollution emission intensity than non-exporters.Secondly,we take 275 companies listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange as research objects,obtaining the unbalanced panel data for 2009-2016 years.According to the newly revised Industry Classification guidelines for listed companies in 2012,sample companies are involved in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,by-fishing,mining and manufacturing industries.We mainly use the method of multiple regression and propensity score matching to verify whether the above four propositions hold true in China.After overcoming the endogenous problem,the empirical results are consistent with the four propositions.In addition,other basic characteristics of enterprises also affect investment in abatement and environmental quality.For example,to a certain extent,higher levels of capital,human resources and government subsidies increase investment in abatement and reduce pollution emissions.Appropriate enterprise scale also helps to reduce the intensity of pollution emissions;However,as the age increases,there are more and more pollution emissions.Thirdly,we use the PSM method to carry out group tests.On the one hand,it is to explore the heterogeneity of ownership,region and industry in the influence of firm's behavior of export on environmental quality.On the other hand,to verify the robustness of the empirical results.The empirical results show that:for different types of enterprises,exports(productivity)to a certain extent improve the enterprise investment in abatement,reduce the level of pollution emissions.State-owned enterprises improve the environment better than private enterprises in terms of export(productivity);the western region is better than that of the central and eastern regions;heavy industry,capital-intensive industries and mining industries are better than light industry,labor-intensive and manufacturing industries.Maybe the reason is that in the traditional serious pollution for all regions and industries,export enterprises compared to non-export enterprises have bigger pressure from green trade barriers in the international market.Only by constantly adapting to international rules,adjusting their own production structure,reducing pollution emissions and enhancing the green value of their products,can export enterprises go further in the international market.Finally,based on theoretical analysis and empirical research,we put forward some suggestions from the views of enterprise,government and industry,hoping that enterprises can enhance their competitive advantage,improve the green value of products,reduce environmental pollution and take sustainable development in international trade.