Research On Node Deployment And Coverage Optimization Methods For 3D Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)is a self-organizing network composed of a large number of sensor nodes through single-hop or multi-hop cooperative sensing,which has been successfully applied in many fields,such as military,agriculture,medical,environmental monitoring and so on.In recent years,three-dimensional coverage that is closer to the actual application environment has become a hot research topic.However,the coverage method studied in the traditional two-dimensional plane is full of loopholes when applied in the real three-dimensional physical world.And most of the algorithms only consider the network coverage ratio and ignore the problem of network energy consumption,or only consider the network life cycle and can not cover the whole monitoring area.To this end,this paper has carried out the following research on the node deployment and coverage optimization problems in the wireless sensor network under the three-dimensional environment:(1)Aiming at the problem of node deployment in wireless link awareness,a three-dimensional coverage deployment method of nodes in passive sensing system under link model is proposed.Firstly,the link coverage model in 3D-WSN is constructed,which extends the traditional planar coverage to spatial coverage and the traditional disc perception model to a more realistic link model.Secondly,according to the perception range of the model,a three-dimensional network coverage calculation method based on cube is designed.On this basis,the traditional genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined and improved to get the deployment location of nodes quickly,so as to solve the problem of three-dimensional coverage deployment of nodes in wireless link awareness.Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve network coverage and converge quickly and reduce network energy consumption.In addition,we built a real experimental environment for coverage verification,and the experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.(2)Aiming at the problem of node deployment considering the balance of network energy consumption,a three-dimensional coverage deployment method based on RSS under probability model is proposed.Combined with the angle of network energy consumption,the power loss of the received signal can be calculated according to thedistance between the transmitter and the receiver,thereby establishing the relationship between the path loss and the distance of the wireless signal during the propagation process.On this basis,the maximum distance between nodes can be limited by setting the path loss threshold,so as to balance network energy consumption and enhance connectivity,and further solve the problem of optimal coverage deployment of energy consumption balancing nodes in 3D-WSN.In the simulation experiment,the change curves of coverage under different parameters are firstly given,and the efficiency of the algorithm is proved by comparing with other literature algorithms.In the constructed experimental scene,the path loss is judged by comparing the fluctuation range of RSSI value,and the experimental results verify the feasibility of the algorithm.(3)Aiming at the problem of coverage optimization under different coverage monitoring requirements in different areas,a mobile 3D coverage optimization method under complex environment is proposed.According to the different coverage requirements of different areas in the three-dimensional environment,the three-dimensional surface is divided into unit cubes,and the coverage weight model is constructed on the three-dimensional surface by referring to the idea of triple integration for quality.Through this model,combined with the three-dimensional detection probability for coverage hole analysis,the unit coverage weight is larger and the three-dimensional detection probability is lower than the set threshold is the coverage hole.According to the coverage hole and the initial position of the mobile node,the repair path combination with the smallest average moving distance is calculated to solve the coverage optimization problem under different monitoring needs.The simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve the key coverage of key monitoring areas on the basis of ensuring the comprehensive coverage of the coverage area,and also reduce the network energy consumption,which is more in line with the actual application requirements.