Research And Implementation Of Blockchain Data Storage And Management

Blockchain as the underlying technology of bitcoin appeared shortly after the latter appeared as a keyword in a newspaper in the United States,and has since entered the public's field of vision.Each block in the blockchain contains the encrypted hash of the previous block,the corresponding time stamp,and transaction data.This design makes the content of the block difficult to tamper with.Many excellent characteristics of the blockchain have caused a wave of research at home and abroad,and also promoted the continuous development of blockchain technology.From Bitcoin,Ethereum to Hyperledger Hyperledger symbolizes the continuous updating and upgrading of blockchain technology.Blockchain data storage and management as a key supporting part is also continuously progressing to adapt to more application scenarios.Based on the study of existing blockchain technology,this paper designs and implements the storage and management of blockchain data by comprehensively considering storage methods,data models,and ease of use and versatility.The paper first describes an independently designed blockchain platform.Under the platform architecture,the data types of blockchain data storage and management are divided into three parts: chain-structured blocks,world state,and back-track data.As the most important data of a chain-structured block is a serialized log of linked blocks,which saves all historical values of business objects.The world state stores the latest value of the business object in the block to support the efficient execution of the smart contract logic of the application.Backtracking data stores historical location index information of business objects in the blockchain,so that smart contracts in specific application scenarios can quickly access all or part of the historical values of a business object in a chained block.Second,combining the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream blockchain technology data storage and the specificity of block data,the chain-structured blocks are stored in files.For the state of the world,the paper analyzes and compares the UTXO model of Bitcoin and the account balance model of Ethereum,and summarizes and abstracts the(key,value)data model above the two models.Not only can it realize two applications of Bitcoin and Ethereum,but it can theoretically support more complex application scenarios such as copyright and deposit certificate.In addition,in order to improve the ability of the application's smart contract to use world state data and the generality of blockchain data storage and management,this article analyzes and converts the data in the(key,value)format to finally store the state data in the KV database,Relational database and document database,a set of unified contract state access interfaces are designed according to the data query capabilities supported by different databases.In order to solve the double payment problem,the paper analyzes in detail Bitcoin and Ethereum's solution to this problem.Finally,the method of recording the version of the business object is selected and the UTXO model is used as an example to analyze how this method solves the double payment..Finally,the paper describes the implementation of blockchain data storage and management based on the above design,and designs a simplified version of bitcoin based on this implementation and tests its functions and performance to prove the reliability of the design.