Stereo Vision Calibration And Experimental Study Based On Vanishing Point

With the rapid development of industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing 2025 in China,the application of visual measurement methods is becoming more and more extensive,and the calibration accuracy of cameras determines the measurement accuracy.The traditional calibration method is more complicated and requires multiple images to achieve the measurement accuracy requirements.Aiming at the above problems,this paper proposes a stereo vision calibration method based on vanishing point,which can achieve the same precision camera calibration by shooting two images and greatly improve the camera calibration speed.Firstly,the principle and method of camera calibration are analyzed and studied.The linear model of camera and the principle model of nonlinear projection are analyzed.The matrix transformation relation between the three coordinate systems and the principle of binocular stereo vision 3-d measurement are studied.Then,on the basis of the above principles,the stereo vision calibration method based on vanishing point is studied.The generation principle of vanishing point and common models are analyzed.The constraint relationship between camera internal parameters and spatial vanishing point is analyzed.Then,the constraint relationship between camera internal parameters and plane single stress matrix is further analyzed,and the solving process of external parameters is studied to obtain the solving equation of camera external parameters.Simulation results show that the method based on spatial vanishing point is accurate in obtaining camera parameters.On this basis,the relative relationship between the structural parameters of binocular stereo vision system and triocular stereo vision system and the parameters outside monocular camera is analyzed,and the theoretical derivation is carried out to obtain the solution equation of the structural parameters of multiocular stereo vision system.Finally,the stereo vision calibration method based on vanishing point is verified experimentally,that is,only two images can be taken to complete the calibration.First,the monocular vision calibration method is verified experimentally,and compared with Matlab's own calibration method(zhang's calibration method),its stability and accuracy are basically consistent.On this basis,binocular stereo vision ranging is used to verify the binocular stereo vision calibration method,and then the re-projection error of pixel coordinates is used to verify the tri-vision calibration method.The calibration results show that most pixel coordinate errors fall between [-0.4,0.4] pixels,within a reasonable error range.In this paper,the geometric characteristics of spatial vanishing point are used to realize the rapid calibration of multi-vision system,and the method is verified by experiments.This method provides theoretical and technical support for the rapid detection of high-precision multi-vision system.