| Objective: In recent years,with the aggravation of the social aging,the health problems of the elderly are increasingly concerned by the society.Studies have shown that regular exercise could reduce cognitive aging in older adults and improve executive function in younger adults.Furthermore,different types of exercise have different effects on cognitive function.Previous studies about cognitive aging mainly focused on general cognitive function and memory,but seldom touched upon attention.Attention is a higher-level cognitive function related to inhibitory control,which is of great significance for further research on cognitive aging.The purpose of this study was to analysis the differences in filtering auditory and visual interference during the process of visual selective attention between elderly adults with different types of exercise habits,at the same time,the performance of the elderly and the young were further compared to explore whether the selective attention function of the elderly has declined.Methods: 71 participants from 60 to 75 years were randomly recruited from the five communities in Shanghai.After a basic screening using the Mini-mental state and the international physical activity questionnaires,there are a total of 69 healthy subjects,35 of them were in the experience group of closed-skill movement and 34 in the experience group of open-skill movement were selected.48 participants from 18 to 25 years from Shanghai University of Sport were recruited in this study,26 of them were in the experience group of closed-skill exercise and the rest 22 participants were in the experience group of open-skill exercise.The variant Flanker task was used to evaluate the visual selective attention function of the participants,presented by E-prime 3.0 software.The performance of the participants in different age groups and different movement types was further discussed from the perspective of different modes,different loads and different compatibility of distractors in the Flanker task.Mixed factor ANOVAs were used to analyze the response time and accuracy of the subjects combined with the relevant theories.All statistical analyses will be conducted using SPSS 22 software.Results:(1)When the amount of physical activity reached a high intensity,the response of the elderly in the open-skill movement group in the Flanker task was faster than that in the closed-skill movement group.Meanwhile,in terms of accuracy,there was no significant difference between the two movement groups.(2)Older subjects responded more slowly than younger ones,but with greater accuracy.(3)Older people are just as sensitive to the type of stimulus as younger people in terms of selective attention,responding faster in visual mode than in auditory mode.(4)The response under high load is faster than that under low load.Conclusions:(1)Overall,in both the young and the old,the open-skill movement group performed better in selective attention function than the closed-skill movement group.(2)The selective attention function of the elderly declined to some extent compared with that of the young,but compared with the elderly with only closed skill movement experience,the elderly with open skill movement experience showed better selective attention function.(3)In the process of selective attention,the interference of auditory mode is greater than that of visual mode,it may because vision plays a leading role in processing information.(4)In terms of the perceptual load,when the perceptual load is low,there is greater interference to selective attention,which is consistent with the perceptual load hypothesis. |
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