| Since the new century,teacher education has become an increasingly important issue in the world.On January 20,2018,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the National Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of the Construction of Teachers in the New Era,which is the first landmark policy document issued by the CPC Central Committee since the founding of People's Republic of China,specifically for the construction of teachers.Centennial plan,education-oriented;education plan,teacher-oriented.The Opinion points out that we should vigorously revitalize teacher education and continuously improve the professional quality ability of teachers.As one of the countries with the early development of teacher education in the United States,the teacher education in the United States has been in the forefront of the world and has accumulated many useful experiences.For more than a century,teacher development in the United States has been undertaken by college and university-based programs.However,with the promotion of teacher education reform movement in the 1980 s,there is the deregulated orientation of teacher training,which is completely opposed to the professionalism advocated by teacher education,which negates the current way of teacher preparation based on university,and proposes a new alternative approach,namely,alternative teacher certification program,before that,teacher candidates can only obtain teaching license through certified college and university teacher preparation programs.The proposal to develop alternative paths for teaching quickly received strong support from the federal government and the states as an innovative way to address the current shortage of teachers in the field of teachers and the poor quality of teachers.Today,alternative teacher certification programs are available in all 50 U.S.states.The vigorous development of alternative teacher certification program is bound to have an impact on the traditional teacher preparation,this study takes this as a starting point,on the basis of a large number of collection and collation of literature,comprehensive use of literature method,case study method and comparative research method on the university teacher training project has been the impact of demography,including five parts:The first part is the introduction,this chapter on the reasons for the topic,research significance,domestic and foreign research status quo,key concepts,research ideas and methods are introduced;The second part examines the emergence and development of American teacher preparation programs from the historical perspective,from the first public teacher preparation school named normal school in Lexington,Massachusetts,in 1839 to the teacher's college then to the school of education in today's university,teacher preparation has gradually formed a mature system,but since the birth of the alternative teacher certification program in the 1980 s,The traditional teacher preparation is faced with the threat of "deregulation";The third part points out the crisis and the differences in the preparation models faced by university-based teacher preparation programs under the influence of deregulationism,and discusses the loss of students in universities,the weakening of financial and policy support,and the expansion of alternative teacher certification programs.At the same time,this part expounds that with the support of neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism,the advocacy of deregulationism has led to the weakening of specialization of university-based teacher preparation programs,and finally analyzes the differences between the two teacher preparation models of technical orientation and specialization orientation;The fourth part focuses on the specific case of STEP program,analyzes the reform measures it has made under the influence of deregulationism,and expounds the objectives and ideas of the program,enrollment and selection,curriculum and clinical experience,evaluation and effectiveness;The last part is based on the analysis of the previous chapters,the rational thinking of the American university-based teacher preparation program under the influence of deregulationism,summarizes the result of the alternative teacher certification program is because of the environment and the stakeholder,and the reform of the university-based teacher preparation program will continue and the common elements that constitute the outstanding teacher preparation program will still be in the exploration. |
